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Figure 5 Three-mountain gold mine point column up-stratified filling mining method
1-segment roadway; 2-17% slope road; 3- slip mine; 4- stopway contact road;
5-ventilation drainage roadway; 6-6×6m square point column; 7-stage transportation roadway; 8-top column
The upward stratified filling method is to collect the stratification from the bottom up, and the ore is first taken out of each layer, and then the filling is filled to support the two gangs of the goaf and serve as a working platform.
The method is a working surface circulation operation, after a cycle of rock drilling, blasting, filling, filling and roof protection, the next layer of circulation is carried out; the recovery space and range can be controlled, and the personnel and equipment work under the exposed roof plate. Effectively control the top plate; it can be filled with any filling material.
The method is generally applicable to the inclined or steeply inclined ore body with stable ore, unstable rock surrounding rock, and can adapt to the ore body with irregular shape and large variation of branching and compounding. In addition to the point column type, the ore loss rate and the depletion rate are low, which is a filling mining method with a wide range of adaptation. According to the statistics of 85 filling mines in foreign countries, the ore produced by the upward stratified filling method accounts for 38.3% of the total output of the filling mining method; the method accounts for more than 60% of the filling method in China.
The upward stratified filling method can be divided into horizontal stratified filling method and inclined stratified filling method according to stratified inclination angle. At present, the application of the above-mentioned horizontal stratified filling method is more common. Inclined layered filling is only used in certain mines that use dry filling materials. Figure 1 shows a sloping layered filling method for continuous recovery. The advantage of sloping delamination is that the mining and filling can be done by weight.
Figure 1 inclined layer mining method
A-filling stage; b-falling stage; 1-self-propelled mine car; 2-pad; 3-trackless shipping equipment
The up-horizontal layered filling method is divided into three basic schemes: the runway, the vertical strike and the point-column stratification filling method according to the stope structure, working face shape and process characteristics.
(1) Filling the mining method along the upward direction. The structural characteristics of the scheme are: a certain length along the ore body or a long stop of the entire ore body, which can realize the parallel operation of the mining work, so as to fully exert the equipment efficiency and improve the ore recovery rate. It is suitable for ore bodies with a thickness of 10 to 15 m or less. The width of the stope is the thickness of the ore body, and the length of the stope is 100-300m, and the length is up to 800m. Figure 2 shows the HONGTOUSHAN copper ore along strike to the horizontal layering method.
Figure 2 Upward stratified filling method along the strike (long stope) of Hongtoushan Copper Mine
1-wind well; 2-dewatering well; 3-slide mine; 4-lifting well; 5-slope track;
6-filling partition wall; 7-drainage pipe; 8-dewatering tower; 9-collapsed pillar;
10-upward blasthole; 11-bonded bottom plate; 12-tailing backfill
In the mining of the thinnest ore body, in order to adapt to the mining of trackless equipment, a stratified filling method along the inward pulse ramp is adopted.
(2) Vertically moving upward stratified filling mining method. The characteristics of the scheme are: dividing the mine room and the inter-column along the ore body, and the vertical ore body of the stope is arranged, one step back to the mining room, and the second step to the mining column. The mining room is filled with cement to form an artificial "mine". If it is filled with dry, it needs to be used as a concrete partition wall to facilitate the two-step mining of the column, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the vertical direction upward stratified filling method
1-slip mine; 2-person dewatering well; 3-tail sand filling body; 4-cement filling body; 5-filling ventilation shaft
Due to the application of trackless equipment, it has developed into a disc division layer filling method. Its structural characteristics are: dividing the panel along the ore body direction, the panel is composed of 3 to 5 vertically arranged mine houses, leaving a column between the mine houses. The structural scheme of the panel combination stop is easy to achieve trackless mining. Figure 4 shows the stratified filling method for the upper recovery of the panel.
Figure 4: The layout of the mining plan of the panel mining plan
1-ventilation filling patio; 2-segment roadway; 3-slope road; 4-machine repairing room; 5-slip mine;
6-stage transportation roadway; 7-through-vehicle transportation roadway; 8-contact roadway; 9-mineral house; 10-iteral column
The vertical-oriented upward stratified filling method is applicable to thick and extra-thick high-grade deposits. The ore loss rate and depletion rate of the scheme are low. Under the conditions of ore body rules and stable rock, in order to improve the efficiency of the scraper, there is a tendency to increase the stratification height.
(3) Filling the stratified mining method on the point column. The structural characteristics of the scheme are: the ore blocks are arranged along the ore body or in the vertical direction. In order to improve the supporting capacity of the roof, there are 4 to 6 m inter-columns between the ore blocks, and regular or irregular points are left in the mines. Round or square, diameter 5 ~ 8m; some of the surrounding rock of the mine is relatively stable, so the semi-cylinder is still left by the top of the ore body to support the surrounding rock. The column, the point column and the semi-cylindrical are all permanent pillars, so they are single-step recovery. The ore loss of this scheme is relatively large, generally not less than 30%. It is suitable for inclined and gently inclined deposits with stable ore and low ore grade on the ground. Figure 5 is a gold mine on Sanshandao column to layering method.