As an actuator for automated meters, solenoid valves have seen dramatic increases in usage in recent years. This article analyzes the main characteristics of the solenoid valve, and focuses on the perspective of the application of a brief summary of the development of domestic mature technology, respectively in the streamlined, intelligent, generalization, specialization direction was investigated, and slightly affect the electromagnetic valve technology The social factors of development are discussed.  

First, the main features of the solenoid valve  

(1) External leakage is blocked, internal leakage is easy to control, and safety is used. Internal and external leaks are elements that endanger safety. Other self-controlled valves usually extend the valve stem and control the rotation or movement of the valve core by electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic actuators. This must solve the problem of external leakage of the valve stem dynamic seal for long-term operation; only the electromagnetic valve is used to complete the iron core sealed in the magnetic isolation sleeve by electromagnetic force, there is no dynamic seal, so the external leakage is easy to block. Electric valve torque control is not easy, easy to produce internal leakage, and even pull off the stem head; the structure of the solenoid valve is easy to control the internal leakage until it is reduced to zero. Therefore, the solenoid valve is particularly safe to use, especially for corrosive, toxic or high-low temperature media.

(2) The system is simple, then it is connected to the computer, the price is low and modest. The solenoid valve itself has a simple structure and a low price, and is easier to install and maintain than other types of actuators such as regulating valves. What is even more remarkable is that the self-contained system is much simpler and the price is much lower. Because the solenoid valve is a switch signal control, it is very convenient to connect with the industrial control computer. In today's era of widespread computer availability and sharply lower prices, the advantages of solenoid valves are even more pronounced.  

(3) Action express, small power, light weight. Solenoid valve response time can be as short as several milliseconds, and even pilot solenoid valves can be controlled within tens of milliseconds. Because of self-looping, it reacts more sensitively than other self-controlled valves. Well-designed solenoid valve coil power consumption is very low, is an energy-saving product; can also be achieved simply trigger action, automatically maintain the valve position, usually no power at a time. The electromagnetic valve has a small size, which saves space and is light and beautiful.  

(4) The adjustment accuracy is limited and the applicable medium is limited. Solenoid valve usually only two kinds of switch state, the valve can only be in two extreme positions, can not be continuously adjusted, (a lot of new ideas trying to break through, but are still in the experimental trial phase) so the adjustment accuracy is also subject to certain restrictions. Solenoid valves have high requirements for the cleanliness of the medium. The granular media cannot be applied. If impurities are present, they must be filtered out first. In addition, viscous media cannot be used, and the specific product is suitable for a relatively narrow range of media viscosity.  

(5) Models are diverse and widely used. Although the solenoid valve is inherently inadequate, the advantages are still very prominent, so it is designed into a wide variety of products to meet a variety of different needs and uses are extremely wide. The progress of solenoid valve technology is also centered around how to overcome congenital deficiencies and how to better develop the inherent advantages.  

Second, the development of solenoid valve technology more solenoid valve technology  

2.1. The development of fine-scale simplification must be as simple as possible, and only simple can be passed down for a long time. This is also the permanent pursuit of scientists and engineers.  

(1) Simplified control loops In the past, actuators used a large number of pneumatic and electric control loops, which increased the complexity of the system, while the pilot solenoid valve formed a control loop using the working medium itself in the valve, and the structure was simple. In the past, many technical parameters of electromagnetic valves at home and abroad were also limited. Nowadays, the diameter of domestic solenoid valves has been extended to 30Omm; the medium temperature is as low as -200°C and as high as 450°C; the working pressure is from vacuum to 25MPa. Action time from ten seconds to a few milliseconds. The new development of these technologies can completely replace the original two-dimensionally expensive and expensive two-position fast shut-off valve and pneumatic switch valve. The electric switch valve can also partially replace continuously adjusted pneumatic and electric control valves. (How can we better meet the adjustment accuracy requirements, also mentioned below). Foreign industries such as textile, light industry and urban construction have switched to electromagnetic valves in large numbers, while metallurgical and chemical industries have taken the lead in using more and more solenoid valves in auxiliary systems.
Domestic self-controlled professional and technical personnel have increasingly focused on solenoid valves.  
(2) Simplify the automatic control valve of the pipeline system. When working on the pipeline, some auxiliary valves and fittings must also be used. For example, the isolation bypass shown in FIG. 1 is a typical installation method and three manual valves are required. The manual valve 1 is a bypass valve and is manually replaced. The manual valves 2 and 3 are isolating valves to ensure on-line maintenance of the automatic control valve 5 . Of course, two three-way 4 and live connectors 6 are also required. This piping system occupies a large space, is time-consuming to install, and is also prone to leaks. The ZDF series multi-function solenoid valve skillfully eliminates the need for these additional accessories to still have an isolated bypass, and thus won the Geneva International New Technology Gold Award. The front of the automatic control valve requires a filter. The use of multiple self-control valves in combination also often requires the installation of one-way valves to prevent interference between pipes. Now, one-way solenoid valves, combination solenoid valves, and solenoid valves with filters have all played a role in simplifying piping.  

(3) Simplified valve structure and process The solenoid valve is an automatic control valve with a simple principle and structure, but it needs to be further simplified. The electromagnetic valve of the household appliance industry washing machine and refrigerator is suitable for mass production in the structure and process of its components. Ordinary solenoid valve coil components have been packaged in plastic to reduce the failure of lead wire breakage, and easy to implement waterproof, explosion-proof and other protection requirements. Valve body, bonnet and other components have been used precision casting, forging and other processes, engineering plastic solenoid valve has also been listed on the market. Domestic explosion-proof solenoid valves are not only flameproof, but also encapsulated and intrinsically safe. High pressure and high temperature solenoid valves have also emerged to simplify the structure and process.  

2.2, the development of intelligent direction This mainly refers to how the electromagnetic valve with the smart instrument to better match, to improve the control accuracy and reliability of the system. It is generally believed that the position adjustment is difficult to achieve very high precision, but in many occasions the proper method can be used to achieve the required high precision, which greatly saves the cost. More solenoid valve technology  

(1) Double combined solenoid valve. This is a combination of solenoid valves of different sizes. The use of a large number of refueling machine oil measurement accuracy of up to 0.02%, are using double solenoid valve. The large valve opens, allowing the refueling to be nearly completed within a short period of time; then the large valve is closed and the small valve is added to ensure the flow accuracy. This technology has been applied abroad for many years. The products are manufactured by ASCO Honeywell, a world-famous company specializing in solenoid valves. Now the company's production of double solenoid valve has reached the target of imported products, as well as unique performance. By the way, it is pointed out that the measurement of the large flow of domestic oil depots is still introducing or mimicking a multi-stage shut-off valve with complicated structure and unsatisfactory performance in foreign countries. This kind of product is not manufactured by a world-famous professional company, because the market demand is not enough to attract them. interest. In fact, our oil depot will use domestically produced large-flow double manifold valves, and the effect will be much better. Double combination valve is also commonly used to control temperature, pressure, level and other parameters. The large valve guarantees the basic amount and the small valve provides the compensation amount. In systems with relatively stable parameters, this type of bit control can be quite accurate. For systems with large changes in parameters, the rate of change is still subject to certain constraints. For example, temperature control systems are still affected by thermal inertia. Therefore, a properly-operated double combined valve can significantly reduce the cost relative to the regulating valve under the premise of meeting the control requirements.  

(2) Three-position solenoid valve and digital valve The valve core of three-position solenoid valve has three working positions. Normally it is not energized and it is in a slightly-open state. The valve provides initial flow; to an electrical signal, the solenoid valve is fully open, providing large flow. To another kind of electrical signal, the valve closes the valve.  
The valve is also equipped with a manual device, so that it does not need to consume electricity when the valve is closed for a long time. The three-position solenoid valve can be regarded as a more compact double solenoid valve, which is very convenient to achieve three-position adjustment and has been used in many applications. ZDF multi-function solenoid valve further thinking is that the n size of a certain proportion of the solenoid valve constitutes 2n kinds of flow, similar to the digital circuit that this combination valve is a digital valve. Actually, two different sizes of double valves or three-position valves can generate 24=16 or 32=9 flows, which can already achieve very high accuracy. In principle, it has the advantage of supporting industrial control computers. However, due to the fact that there has not been a large number of applications in the application field, this technology is still in an experimental stage.
(3) Self-retaining solenoid valve The self-retaining solenoid valve requires only a momentary energization to complete the valve switching action. The position of the valve core does not need to be maintained by electricity. Its advantage lies in energy conservation, especially when the battery is used as a power source, and the temperature rise may not be taken into account, so that the coil has a long service life and a high degree of safety in high and low temperature and explosion-proof applications. Mechanical holding and permanent magnets are common, and they are divided into double coils and single coils. The single-coil magnetic holding structure is the simplest. It is to change the polarity of the DC power supply to correspond to the two states of the valve switch. This type of solenoid valve requires a separate switch to install the external wiring of the coil, but it is very convenient for supporting it with a smart instrument. The electromagnetic valve equipped with IC card pre-charged gas meter and water meter is one of the keys to the success or failure of the instrument. The self-maintaining technology is an important factor of the success or failure of the electromagnetic valve. The domestic self-sustaining electromagnetic has become more and more mature and the company has Smart Watch Factory provides support.  

2.3. Development in generalization direction The electromagnetic valve is widely used, and the situation is very different when used, and the general performance is reduced to reduce the cost of manufacturing, purchase and sale, storage, installation, and maintenance. In recent years, the electromagnetic valve has taken a big step.  

(1) Adjustable response time The time from when an electrical signal is sent to the completion of the spool is called the response time. Different occasions want different switching speeds, there are four combinations: fast opening and fast closing - for rapid reaction system; fast opening and slow closing - for preventing water hammer; slow opening and closing - for slow Kai cut off; slow open slowly shut down for a smooth transition. ZDF multi-function solenoid valve can be adjusted to any state, the application is very flexible.  

(2) Expansion medium is suitable for application. Solenoid valve is different from other self-control valves in that the application range of medium viscosity is narrow, so the air, water, steam, oil and other mediums have different structural parameters for the pilot type electromagnetic valve; in general, it cannot be universal. The ZDF multi-function solenoid valve uses only a small screw, but it has achieved universal gas, water, and oil, but also greatly widens the viscosity of the oil, which is very popular.  

(3) The opening degree can be adjusted to the dynamic and kiln solenoid valve. When it is used, it is often desired that it also has a manual function, and is used as a power outage or failure. More solenoid valve technology Manually operated devices can only be manually opened or closed manually, and both are fully manual. The manual device can also preset the valve opening. Generally, the manual can only preset the maximum or minimum opening of the valve, and the full manual can preset the maximum or minimum opening respectively. ZDF multi-function solenoid valve is completely manual. Other models of solenoid valves can be equipped with simple general manual devices as required.  

2.4. Development in the direction of specialization In recent years, the sales of solenoid valves have surpassed those of regulating valves, mainly due to the surge in demand for various special solenoid valves. The following describes the media types:  

(1) Gas solenoid valves Due to the adjustment of China's fuel structure, the proportion of gaseous fuels is continuously increasing, and the demand for gas solenoid valves is also increasing. Natural gas, industrial gas, city gas, liquefied petroleum gas, etc., have many different kinds of gas, including various impurities and corrosion, and the valve requirements are also different. In addition, the pressure rating varies greatly. Compressed natural gas is as high as 21 to 25 Mpa, and gas pressure is as low as 2 Kpa. Each of our country has mature products. The company's CE series gas solenoid valves have been exported to the European Union. It is worth mentioning that dual-fuel vehicles are continuously promoted in China with the improvement of environmental protection regulations. Twelve cities have already converted tens of thousands of vehicles. Nowadays, more than one set of imported fuel supply devices are used. The solenoid valves also follow. Supporting imports. In fact, these solenoid valves are not produced by professional companies of foreign solenoid valves, and the performance test results are not all in line with the relevant technical standards of China's gas industry. The company already has a more reliable and cheaper dedicated solenoid valve, is gradually replacing the imported solenoid valve.  

(2) Steaming solenoid valve The steam solenoid valve must first solve the problem of high temperature resistance. The sealing material, conductive material and magnetic conductive material must be specially selected. The corrosion of steam pipes is severe and must be taken seriously. What's more important is that there are many condensates in the steam pipe after work in the factory. The solenoid valve needs to be able to operate reliably when the gas and liquid fluids pass through. The factory inspection has many strict procedures.
The company's ZQDF-3 type solenoid valve was listed as a national new product in 1992. It has been tested by users. In recent years, it also introduced the compact CC series steam solenoid valve.  
(3) Solenoid valve for water The solenoid valve for water is always regarded as the simplest. In reality, the water is divided into tap water, industrial pure water, industrial waste water, irrigation water, and sea water. The corrosion performance and cleanliness are different. , should choose different solenoid valves.  

Although the tap valve is the most common, its different uses have different performance requirements for the valve. For example, the electromagnetic valve for fire fighting is very important in terms of operational reliability, and the consequences of failure can be disastrous. Even if an ordinary manual valve does not open and close for a long period of time, it is difficult to open it quickly. In recent years, high-rise buildings have mushroomed, and China's fire-fighting electromagnetic valve technology has also matured. For another example, the water plant needs to use solenoid valves for inverted siphon circuits. However, this type of solenoid valve must be operated under pressure in a pressure state and must work reliably in a vacuum state. It must not have internal leakage, and the condition of clean water is not high. Next, it should still be flexible. Our company's special electromagnetic valve for water plants has been applied in hundreds of water plants throughout the country. It is the only recommended solenoid valve by China Water Association. In addition, the sprinkler solenoid valve also gradually applied along with the development of China's agriculture and gardening industry.  

(4) The solenoid valve oil for oil has a wide variety of types. The seal technology is one of the keys. Oil-resistant rubber is just a category name. Different oils and even impurities in the same kind of oil require different oil-resistant rubbers. For example, leaded gasoline is not necessarily resistant to unleaded gasoline. In recent years, with the increase in the sales of special electromagnetic valves, the lifespan of special oil-resistant rubber has also increased. The viscosity of the oil varies greatly and solenoid valves of different structures must be used. High-viscosity oils also often circulate at high temperatures, so electromagnetic valves also have to solve the problem of high temperatures. For fuel oil also need to meet the explosion-proof requirements. In recent years, the company has successively introduced various special solenoid valves such as gasoline, diesel and heavy oil, which have been widely used.  

(5) Air-conditioning solenoid valve air-conditioning heating and cooling. Refrigerants have undergone significant changes in recent years, ammonia and Freon have gradually decreased, and new refrigerants such as lithium bromide are gradually increasing, and related sealing, corrosion, and longevity problems require careful material selection, reasonable design, and advanced technology. It is worth mentioning that air conditioning is mainly controlled by the amount of wind to control the temperature and humidity, continuous adjustment of valve flow is not absolutely necessary. The valveless air-conditioning system is also in use, but it is condemned for problems such as condensation and water dripping. Therefore, the structure is simple, and the low-cost solenoid valve is the most live choice. Because of the influence of foreign traditions, electric valves with complex structures and difficult to control torques are still being used in large numbers. In 1997, the high-precision air-conditioning system that preserved the remains of Chairman Mao’s Memorial Hall repair project selected the company's air-conditioning solenoid valve to achieve satisfactory results. The director of the Memorial Hall of the Memorial Hall of the General Office of the Central Government of the CPC Central Committee personally sent the certificate of honor to the company personally. In fact, the commendation should be the courage and wisdom of the engineering designer.  

Third, social progress related to the development of electromagnetic valve technology Previous scientific and technical papers can only talk about technology, involving social management is easy to laugh.  

Nowadays, the development of science and technology relies on and promotes social progress. At the same time, the author is engaged in scientific and technological inventions and business management, and it is necessary to discuss relevant contents. More solenoid valve technology Solenoid valve is an important industrial product that is directly related to the safe production of enterprises. In China, due to the poor quality of solenoid valves, serious accidents such as boiler explosion and fire failure occurred. The original machinery department had already listed the solenoid valve as a product that was licensed for production and sales. Only about ten companies hold certificates in China. Compared with foreign professional large companies, there are obvious gaps in technical and economic strength. After the reform and opening up, private technology companies have risen and have patents approved in the United States, Japan, and Europe. Products have gradually entered the markets of developed countries, and their economic strength has been continuously enhanced by SMEs that have exceeded foreign counterparts. However, as many as dozens of unlicensed manufacturing companies, counterfeiting and many designers have mistakenly believe that the quality of China's electromagnetic valve is still not off. The progress of the industry in recent years has produced the following gratifying changes.  

(1) The attitude of respecting foreign affairs is still serious, and the national self-confidence is continuously improving. In the 1980s, the introduction of complete sets of equipment brought a lot of solenoid valves. In the 1990s, famous foreign companies set up offices in China. The use of imported electromagnetic valves once became a fashion for self-control projects.
Designers know that imported products are obviously at a disadvantage, such as price, delivery date, and after-sales service, but they are still selected. Some are of course necessary, while others choose ordinary products from small companies such as Taiwan, South Korea, and Italy. The electromagnetic valve is definitely different from the space shuttle. After all, it is only a small product. The Chinese people are fully capable of predominating in this market. In recent years, satellite launch bases, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, and Shanghai Baosteel’s maintenance projects have won bids for our company’s solenoid valves, reflecting the continuous improvement of our national self-confidence. With the company's products exported to Europe, the French Science and Technology Quality Supervision and Evaluation Committee has also listed the company and its products as companies and products recommended to the European Union.  
(2) Unfair competition is extremely serious and the concept of the legal system is constantly joining. In today's electromagnetic valve industry, unfair competition is extremely serious. Unlicensed production, unlicensed sales, counterfeit patents, counterfeit trademarks, fake factory names, false advertising, and false products are everywhere, and consumers suffer from it. Solenoid valves that had been inoperable have been required to be replaced by the company because of the (YJ) trademark. A look at the connection flange is 2" and the actual diameter is less than 3Omm, it is known as fake and shoddy products. Now designers designate the production unit on the drawing, and the purchasing staff also knows the licensed unit and its license. Dealers directly contacted with the IS09000 quality system certification in China in recent years gradually implemented, we gradually consciously choose to have certified companies, all this shows that the concept of the legal system is constantly strengthened.  

(3) Solenoid valve selection is more complex and technical management personnel are more dedicated.  

Solenoid valves have never been included in self-control professional textbooks. Many people think that the selection process is very simple. The experienced designers know that the gadgets must be taken seriously. There are dozens of types of solenoid valves in terms of their structure and principle, and then consider various technical parameters, with up to tens of thousands of cross combinations. The design and procurement personnel gradually learned to choose the right thing. In addition to collecting and researching sample materials, they also consulted directly with the manufacturing companies. The bulk or important ones personally examined the economic and technical strengths and technical assurance capabilities of the production plants and went deep into their original Users understand the use of the product in the field. Everyone now has economic accounting, but this is by no means a simple comparison of prices. In addition to safety, application, durability, aesthetics, and other performance-impacting prices, it is also related to the performance and cost of the entire automated control system and piping system. This has become a comprehensive knowledge. The company has a technical service department and attaches great importance to consulting, modeling, and piping system design before sales. The design, procurement and management personnel are highly responsible for careful selection, and their professionalism promotes and promotes the continuous development of solenoid valve technology. China's solenoid valves learn from foreign advanced technology and develop in its own continuous invention and creation. Its development has prompted people to constantly update their ideas. At the same time, only the social legal system is more complete, and the quality of the people is even higher, and the solenoid valve technology can develop faster and better.

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