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It is believed that many new drivers who have just started out with "Mao" are very concerned about the side parking, and this skill is also one of the essential subjects in daily driving. With limited parking space in big cities, it has become an essential skill to drive cars into a small space. There are very few situations in which a car is parked without much fuss. Parking can cause traffic jams, nerve exhaustion and bumper bumps. Fortunately, car manufacturers have taken this into consideration for everyone, and the development of technology has provided a solution. This is the automatic parking function.
Automatic parking, also known as automatic parking, is a very convenient configuration for novices and saves a lot of effort for the veteran. When you find an ideal parking place, you don't have to toss back and forth, but just gently start the button, sit down, relax, everything else can be done automatically, completely eliminate the trouble you encountered in parking.
Automatic parking process
Most of the automatic parking technology is used for parking in parallel. The parallel parking requires the cars to be parked along the side of the road in parallel and lined up with other parked cars. Most car users need about 1.8 meters longer than the car body in order to successfully complete the parallel parking, although some skilled drivers only need less space.
In order to park in order, the driver must follow the following five basic steps:
1. Drive the car to the front of the parking space and park next to the front of the car.
2. Turn the wheel to the side of the road and cut the car back to the parking space at about 45°.
3. When the front wheel of the car is parallel to the rear wheel of the front vehicle, the driver dials the front wheel and then continues to reverse.
4. After passing through the rear view to ensure a certain distance from the rear vehicle, the driver will drive the wheel from the roadside and turn the front end of the car into the parking space.
5. Finally, the driver moves the car back and forth in the parking space until the car is about 0.3 meters from the side of the road.
The existing automatic parking vehicles are not fully automatic, but they do make parking easier in parallel. The driver must still step on the brake pedal to control the speed (the car's idle speed is enough to drive the car into the parking space without having to step on the accelerator pedal). Then, the car's computer system will take over the steering wheel.
When the vehicle is driving along a road, as long as the vehicle speed is less than 36 km/h (the set value of the speed of each vehicle type will be different), the system will think that the driver has the intention of parking and the vehicle will start to use the radar probe to automatically detect whether the surrounding is There is a suitable parking location. The length of the available parking area set by the automatic parking system of the general model shall be greater than 1.2 meters above the body, and it can be confirmed that the area belongs to the parkable range.
After the automatic parking system finds a suitable parking position, the reverse gear is engaged at this time. The system will prompt the driver whether to activate the active parking assist function. After confirming the start, the driver can now leave the steering wheel with both hands, and the steering wheel will automatically rotate. To adjust the reverse direction of the vehicle, the driver only needs to control the throttle and the brake to master the speed (when the driver holds the steering wheel by hand, the system will stop working).
During the reversing process, the driver needs to properly control the speed and pay attention to the sound of the reversing radar. When the alarm is heard, it indicates that the rear vehicle is very close. At this time, the forward gear needs to be engaged. While the vehicle is moving forward, the system will automatically return to the wheel and position the car. The prompt message on the screen is updated to indicate that the parking has been completed, and the parking is completed. It is easy to complete the parking task. (Tips: Some models equipped with automatic parking systems do not have an automatic turn-back process after they are dropped into the parking space and require the driver to do it manually)
Automatic parking system composition and technical principle
The automatic parking system consists of the following components:
1. Ultrasonic sensors: A total of 12, located on the front and rear bumpers, they emit ultrasonic signals, and then receive the signal reflected from the obstacles, and assess the distance from the obstacles based on the length of time from transmitting to receiving signals. The front radar front monitoring distance of the vehicle bumper is 100cm, and the rear monitoring distance is 120cm. The left front and right front outside distance sensors are used to detect the length and width of the parking space.
2. Parking Positioning System (PTS) control unit: Located on the left side of the trunk, it mainly has the following functions to read various electronic component input signals, such as vehicle speed, gear position status, ignition switch status, and status of electric steering machine. The signals, which actuate the distance sensors and warning elements, communicate with the CAN network via the Flex Ray bus.
3. Warning element: The front warning element is integrated in the instrument. When the vehicle speed is lower than 16km/h, the parking system switches to measurement mode. The rear warning element is located above the rear windshield. When the vehicle speed is less than 16km/h, the warning section lights up to give the driver a visual warning.
4. Electric power steering mechanism: It is composed of a rack and pinion steering gear, a torque sensor (A91b1), an electric motor (A91m1) and a steering mechanism control unit (N68). The N68 reads the A91b1 signal and the wheel speed signal from the ESP. According to this, the A91 m1 is actuated, which drives the operation of the rack and pinion steering gear and realizes the steering function.
5. Steering column module control unit: Reads the steering wheel angle and steering angle speed and communicates with CAN R through the Flex Ray bus.
6. Vehicle Stability System Control Unit: With adaptive brake control, brake force distribution (EBD), anti-lock braking (ABS), starting acceleration anti-skid control (ASR), electronic traction assist (ETS), brake assistance ( Functions such as BAS) help the vehicle to maintain the dynamic balance by analyzing the signal from each sensor (such as the wheel speed sensor), and then sending corrective commands (correct control commands) to ABS and ASR to keep the vehicle in various conditions. The best stability. In the case of oversteer or understeer, the stabilizing effect is more pronounced. Rear-wheel drive cars often experience oversteer, the rear wheels run out of control and flick, ESP will quickly brake the outer front wheel quickly to stabilize the car (Note: At this time, the brake will not lock the wheel, aiming to reduce Wheel speed). In understeering, the ESP will quickly brake the rear wheel to correct the direction of the vehicle.
The radar probes around the vehicle measure the distance and angle between itself and surrounding objects, and then calculate the operation flow through the on-board computer to adjust the rotation of the steering wheel with the vehicle speed.
The system includes an environmental data acquisition system, a central processor, and a vehicle strategy control system. The environment data acquisition system includes an image acquisition system and a vehicle distance detection system, which can collect image data and distance data of the surrounding objects from the vehicle body, and transmit them to the data line. CPU.
The central processor may analyze and process the collected data to obtain the current position, target position, and surrounding environmental parameters of the automobile, and based on the above parameters, make an automatic parking strategy and convert it into an electrical signal.
After the vehicle strategy control system accepts the electric signal, according to the instruction, it makes the driving of the car such as the angle, direction, etc. until the parking is in place.
Different automatic parking systems use different methods to detect objects around the car. Some sensors are installed around the front and rear bumpers of the car. They can both act as transmitters and receivers. These sensors send signals that are reflected when the signal hits obstacles around the body. Then, the car's computer uses the time it takes to receive the signal to determine the location of the obstacle. Other systems use a camera or radar mounted on the bumper to detect obstacles. But the end result is the same: the car will detect the parked car, the size of the parking space and the distance from the roadside, and then drive the car into the parking space.
Types and Development of Automatic Parking Technology
Passive automatic parking
Passive reminds the driver of obstacles in front of or behind the vehicle when parking. In the process of development, there are only warnings from the rear, and there are warnings in front of the vehicle. There are warnings, visual images, auxiliary lines, and blind warnings in the surrounding area. The most complicated one is the combination of the two systems, including reversing radar + 360. Degrees look at two functions.
The passive type mainly uses the ultrasonic sensor + buzzer + HMI icon to prompt the driver's external obstacles and prevent the vehicle from colliding with the reverse. It is generally composed of the following functions:
1. Anti-collision sound + image prompt
2. System to measure the size of parking spaces
3. Provide tips for turning angles
4. Provide rear view image and auxiliary line detection
5.360 degree look around the image
Passive is a system that fully considers the cost, and adopts a low-cost ultrasonic sensor to implement obstacle detection when reversing. Generally, the distance is from 1 meter to 1.5 meters, and consumers are highly receptive to such systems.
Semi-active parking assistance
With the improvement of automation level, each automobile company wants to help the driver to stop better. Therefore, different systems have been developed. The characteristics of these systems are that the driver is usually responsible for the throttle and the brake, and the vehicle helps calculate the trajectory path. Help the driver to enter the warehouse.
Parking is no longer a difficult problem to explain the automatic parking system
Parking is no longer a difficult problem to explain the automatic parking system
Its system consists of:
Ultrasonic sensor
2. Semi-automatic parking ECU controller
3. External sensors: wheel speed, acceleration, turning angle, torque, speed, transmission case
4. HMI button and alarm buzzer before and after
5.EPS Control Steering System
For consumers, the stalls need to be controlled, accelerated and decelerated. The responsibility for the entire process needs to be borne. Each car company has a difference in HMI and parking space size, and there is no difference in basic operations.
Automatic parking
From the evolution of semi-automatic parking to fully automatic parking:
The first point is whether or not people need to be in the car and can only use the phone to command the car to park.
Gear position: When the track calculation needs to be adjusted in the parking process, an unsuccessful situation occurs. Whether the system has the gear shifting position and the authority to advance and retreat before and after.
Acceleration: The system has no authority to accelerate itself.
Brakes: Does the system control the brake system after it detects a collision?
It can be seen that this is basically the whole process of parking people's jobs.
What we see is that the cool guys are using a mobile phone to manipulate outside:
Parking is no longer a difficult problem to explain the automatic parking system
Automatic car park parking
From semi-active parking to fully automatic parking, people still need to find parking spaces. The so-called "Valet Parking" currently under study completely eliminates the need for you to find the concept of a parking space. ValetParking is given more meaning in certain charging operation modes:
1. Automatic search for parking spaces: The vehicle automatically finds empty parking spaces and finds empty parking spaces.
2. Wireless charging of electric vehicles: wireless charging of batteries.
3. After the completion of charging, the parking space is separated: After the charging is completed, the system will automatically release the charging slot to other electric vehicles and search for common parking spaces.
4. Passengers summon vehicles: At the exit of the limited-operation scene, the vehicle will be returned to everyone.
Advantages and Precautions of Automatic Parking Technology
Advantages: Automatic parking is a very convenient configuration for novices, but it saves a lot of effort for veterans. In addition, the system can also avoid the embarrassment caused by inadvertent parking.
Precautions
1. Even if the automatic parking system provides assistance, it cannot replace the driver's attention and still needs to be observed and confirmed.
2. Not all gaps can be automatically parked into place, and more space must be reserved to meet system requirements for operation.
3. The automatic parking is not completely without any operation of the driver, or it needs to control the brake and hang into the corresponding gear according to the prompts. When the driver manually interferes (such as playing the direction), the automatic parking system will immediately stop.
4. After the automatic parking system is activated, it is generally to find a suitable parking space. Not all parking spaces can achieve automatic parking. Nowadays, many systems not only support side parking, but also can realize parking down.
Parking is no longer a difficult problem to explain the automatic parking system
5. The operating modes and activation conditions of the automatic parking systems for each brand model are different.
6. When leaves, debris, or ice and snow cover the edge of the road, the parking steering assistance system may find it difficult to identify the edge of the road. In addition, leaves and ice and snow can also cause severe scattering when reflected by ultrasonic signals, causing the system to receive weak ultrasonic echoes that can cause errors.
7. If there are obstacles such as warning posts with small dimensions on the vacancy, the system may recognize the vacancy as an effective parking space. The reduction of the vehicle speed will help improve the system's possibility of identifying small and medium-sized items in the vacancy.
8. There will still be an audible warning during the parking process that the driver may have a collision.