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1 Soil Water Movement Soil water is largely involved in many material transformation processes such as weathering of minerals, synthesis and decomposition of organic compounds in the soil. Understanding the changes of soil water in the soil and the mechanism of migration are of great significance to the process of soil formation and the formulation of agricultural measures. At present, for the study of soil water movement laws, soil temperature and humidity recorders mostly use deterministic models for prediction and prediction of soil temperature and humidity. Due to the effects of spatial variability, their structural characteristics are stable or how they change in time. The monitoring and forecasting have a great influence. Therefore, it is very important to study the distribution of soil moisture in space and its temporal stability.
2 Small watershed management Soil moisture is not only the main influencing factor of soil erosion process, plant growth and vegetation recovery, but also an important indicator of land evaluation. In a watershed, the distribution of soil moisture varies depending on topography, geomorphology, and type of vegetation. By measuring the soil moisture under the influence of different slopes, aspect, vegetation type and biomass, the geographical distribution and vertical variation of soil moisture in the area can be grasped to objectively evaluate the regional water loss and profit status in the area for the allocation of soil and water conservation. Governance measures to guide agricultural production, vegetation restoration and land use, to achieve comprehensive management of small watersheds and improve the productivity of the watershed, and also to provide solutions for the improvement of ecological environment, sustainable development of the region and construction of agricultural and forestry grasslands in the comprehensive management and development of river basins. The necessary theoretical basis.
3 Agricultural Irrigation When using irrigation decision software to guide the management of farmland irrigation, we must first consider the effect of the spatial distribution characteristics of field soil moisture on the observed values ​​of sampling sites. According to the spatial distribution of soil moisture characteristics to determine the location of the observation tube in the field, can improve the accuracy of irrigation decisions [35]. Therefore, to study the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture for the dynamic monitoring of soil moisture in farmland irrigation, according to the representative value of soil moisture value for field irrigation decision-making management, improve the accuracy of decision-making system, scientifically guide irrigation, improve the water of farmland The utilization rate and crop yield are very important.
4 Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration The stability of natural vegetation and plantation forests maintained by natural precipitation and groundwater within the desert oasis is closely related to the soil moisture content. Soil moisture affects the hydrological processes such as soil erosion, solute transport, and soil-atmosphere interactions, as well as the succession of soil formation, resulting in the mutual transformation of mobile dunes, semi-fixed sand dunes, and fixed sand dunes.
In arid and semi-arid areas, due to scarce precipitation, uneven season distribution, and strong evaporation, soil moisture dynamics has always been one of the research focuses in the area. In recent years, relevant scholars have studied the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture and sand dunes covered by ecological mats in the oasis-desert ecotone of Zhangye, Gansu, revealing the temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture in sand dunes, and also A new model has been explored for the protection and reconstruction of vegetation and the comprehensive remediation, restoration and exploitation of sand dunes [36]. Yao Yuefeng et al. used a combination of classical statistics and geostatistical methods to study the spatial heterogeneity of surface soil moisture in Salix lucidum forests, revealing the degree of variation of surface soil moisture and the spatial heterogeneity of Salix psammophila soil in different forest ages. The law of changing with the age of forest provides scientific basis for water and soil conservation, desertification control and ecological environment restoration in the area.
Outlook Due to the multidisciplinary nature, new theories and methods are continuously introducing the research of spatial variation of soil moisture, which makes the scope, depth and precision of soil water spatial variation research have been greatly improved, and at the same time, its application space has also expanded to A broader area. However, many methods are not mature in the field of spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture. They are still in the exploration stage and need to be further explored. In addition, there is room for further development in the combination of multiple methods.
Due to serious soil erosion and drought and lack of water in the Loess Plateau, research on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture is concentrated in this area. With the development of the economy and the intensification of human activities, the soil erosion in the southern region represented by the Yangtze River Basin has become increasingly serious. The contradiction between the supply and demand of water and land resources has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, the potential of geostatistics in the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture on sloping lands in southern China is further tapped. With advanced computer methods and mathematical methods, it will surely provide a scientific soil moisture foundation for the optimal utilization of soil and water resources and the restoration of degraded ecosystems on the slopes of the Yangtze River Basin. data.