Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 This Regulation is formulated in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the State in order to strengthen the management of waterway dangerous goods transportation, ensure the safety of transportation, prevent accidents, and adapt to the development of the national economy.

Article 2 These regulations apply to ships engaged in dangerous goods transportation, port handling, storage and other services within the territory of the People's Republic of China, except for international routes (including port handling), military transport, and bulk dangerous goods.

Article 3 Where there are characteristics such as explosion, flammability, poisoning, corrosion, and radioactivity, the goods that are likely to cause personal injury or death and damage to property and which require special protection during transportation, handling, and storage are dangerous goods.

According to the relevant national standards such as the People's Republic of China GB6944 "Dangerous Goods Classification and Product Name Number" and the People's Republic of China GB12268 "Dangerous Goods List", the dangerous goods are divided into the following nine categories:

Category 1 Explosives Category 2 Compressed gases and liquefied gases Category 3 flammable liquids Category 4 Flammable solids, pyrophoric articles and flammable substances in contact with water Category 5 Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides Category 6 Toxic articles and infections Articles Category 7 Radioactive Articles Category 8 Corrosive Products Class 9 Miscellaneous All types of dangerous goods are classified as primary and secondary dangerous goods according to their degree of danger. See Annex I to the Rules for details of each type of introduction and dangerous goods. ".

Article 4 Shippers, carriers, operators, port operators, and other relevant units and personnel involved in the transport of dangerous goods by sea shall strictly implement the provisions of these Regulations.

Traffic authorities at all levels, port management agencies, and port (supervision) supervision agencies shall be responsible for the implementation, supervision, and inspection of this rule in accordance with the terms of reference.

Chapter II Packaging and Markings Article 5 In addition to the packaging of explosives, compressed gas, liquefied gas, infectious articles, and radioactive articles, the packaging of dangerous goods is divided into:

Class I packaging is suitable for the loading of highly dangerous goods;

Class II packaging is suitable for the loading of moderately dangerous goods;

Class III packaging is suitable for containing low-risk cargo.

The protective performance requirements for various types of packaging should be found in Annex III of this Code, “Package Models, Methods, Specifications and Performance Tests”. For the categories of packaging required for various dangerous goods, see the details of the goods.

Article 6 The packaging of dangerous goods (as otherwise specified in the packaging of pressure vessels and radioactive articles) shall be subjected to performance tests in accordance with the provisions of Annex III to these Rules. Declaration and consignment of dangerous goods shall be carried out by the “Dangerous Goods Packaging Inspection Certificate” (Form No. 3) issued by the packaging inspection agency approved by the Ministry of Communications, and may be used only after meeting the requirements.

Article 7 The packaging of pressure vessels and radioactive articles containing dangerous goods shall comply with the provisions of the competent national authority. The pressure vessels shall hold inspection certificates issued by commodity inspection agencies or boiler pressure vessel testing agencies; radioactive articles shall be issued by the health and epidemic protection department. "Certificate of Radiation Level Inspection of Radioactive Packages" (Format 4).

Article 8 According to the nature of dangerous goods and the characteristics of water transport, packaging should meet the following basic requirements:

(1) The specification, type and single piece weight (weight) of the package shall be convenient for handling or transportation;

(b) The material, type and packing method of the packaging (including the closure of the packaging) should be compatible with the nature of the intended cargo. The packing materials and absorbent materials in the packaging shall be compatible with the intended cargo and prevent the cargo from moving and leaking out;

(c) The package should have a certain strength and can withstand the general risks in transportation. Containers containing low-boiling cargoes shall have a sufficient safety factor to withstand the higher vapour pressures that may be generated in the containers;

(4) The packaging should be dry, clean, free from pollution, and able to withstand changes in temperature and humidity during transportation;

(5) When the container holds a liquid cargo, it must leave sufficient space for expansion (reserved volume) to prevent the deformation of the container or leakage of the cargo due to temperature changes during transportation;

(6) The packaging for the following dangerous goods shall meet the requirements of the gas seal port:

1. The production of flammable gases or vapours;

2. The goods that become explosive after drying;

3. Goods that produce toxic gases or vapors;

4. Produce corrosive gas or vapor cargo;

5. Goods that react dangerously with air.

Article 9 Other packaging methods (including new types of packaging) that are different from this Regulations shall comply with the provisions of Articles 5, 6 and 8 of these Regulations, and the port (supervision) supervision agencies and port management agencies of the port of origin It can be used as an equivalent package only after being jointly approved by the technical department and submitted to the Ministry of Communications for approval.

Article 10 When packaging of dangerous goods is used repeatedly, it shall be intact and free from corrosion, and shall comply with the provisions of Articles 6 and 8 of these Rules.

Article 11 The components of dangerous goods shall have sufficient strength and be convenient for mechanical loading and unloading operations.

Article 12 The movable tanks shall be used to contain dangerous goods. The movable tanks shall comply with the requirements of the "Removable Tanks" in Annex 6 to this Code. The tank containers that are applicable to the definition of container terms shall also meet the relevant requirements of the “Container Inspection Specification” of the ship inspection department.

Article 13 Each packaging containing dangerous goods shall indicate the correct shipping name of the loaded goods. The use of the name shall comply with the provisions in Annex I “Details of the Introduction and Dangerous Goods List”. The obvious signs of packaging, the four sides of the container, the perimeter of the movable tank, and the top shall be pasted or brushed in accordance with the “Dangerous Goods Mark” of Annex II.

For goods with two or more types of dangerous goods, in addition to marking the main signs of their major hazards, the sub-marks specified in the schedule of dangerous goods in this Code (sub-labels without category number) shall be affixed.

The logo should be affixed and printed firmly, and it should be clear and not fall off during transportation.

Article 14 The signs of dangerous goods shall not be smaller than 100 mm x 100 mm except that the packaging is too small to be affixed or brushed with smaller marks; the marks used for containers and movable tanks shall not be smaller than 250 mm x 250 mm .

Article 15 When using solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) refrigeration in a container, the packer shall clearly indicate on the container door that “DANGER! There is carbon dioxide (dry ice) inside, and thorough ventilation is required before entering”.

Article 16 The signs of containers, movable tanks and reusable packaging shall comply with the provisions of this chapter and remove any unsuitable signs.

Article 17 The dangerous goods are regulated by this Regulation, but they are not dangerous goods when they are transported internationally. When exporting, the dangerous goods marks may not be affixed to the packages in the domestic transport section, and the shipper and the operating agent shall be in the waterway respectively. The special items for the freight consignment note and operation entrustment note are marked with the “Foreign Trade Exports, Free-posted Signs”; when importing foreign trade, they shall be handled as dangerous goods in the domestic transport sector.

International transport belongs to dangerous goods, but it does not belong to dangerous goods in accordance with the provisions of this rule. When exporting, the domestic transport section, shipper and operating client shall mark the dangerous goods according to the requirements of foreign trade, and shall confess the waybills and operations on the waterway. The single contract column states “export is a dangerous cargo”; when importing foreign goods, in the domestic internal transport segment, the shipper and the operational client shall handle the domestic transportation according to the original import package, and shall be in the waterway cargo manifest and operation order. The special issue column states that "imports of foreign trade belong to dangerous goods."

If the classification of goods in this Regulation is inconsistent with the classification of international transportation, in the domestic transportation section, the dangerous goods marks required by foreign trade may be affixed to the packages in the domestic transportation section; when the foreign goods are imported, the domestic transportation section shall be in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation. Paste the corresponding dangerous goods mark.

Chapter III Consignment Article 18 Dangerous goods shippers or operating principals shall understand and master the state's provisions concerning the transport of dangerous goods, and apply for declarations to the port (aviation) supervision institution in accordance with the relevant regulations and the regulations of the port management agency. The transport and operation contracts were signed with the carrier and the operators who arrived at the port and arrived at the port.

Article 19 When dealing with dangerous goods transportation and loading and unloading, the shipper and operation client shall submit the following relevant documents and materials to the carrier and port operators:

(1) "Declaration of dangerous goods" or "Statement of radioactive material transport";

(2) "Dangerous Goods Packaging Inspection Certificate" or "Pressure Vessel Inspection Certificate" or "Certificate of Radiation Level Inspection of Radioactive Article Packaging" (Format 4);

(3) Container shipping dangerous goods should be submitted with a valid "container packing certificate" (format 5);

(4) Consignment of civilian explosives shall be submitted to the local county and city public security agencies for the issuance of "explosive article transport licenses" in accordance with the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Civil Explosives;

(5) In addition to the relevant documents submitted in (1) to (4) above, relevant information shall also be submitted for goods that may jeopardize the safety of transportation and handling, or require special instructions.

Article 20 Red transport orders should be used for transporting dangerous goods; red job orders should be used for port operations.

Article 21 For consignments of dangerous goods not listed in this Code, the shipper prior to the consignment shall submit the "Dangerous Goods Appraisal Form" issued by the department approved by the Ministry of Communications to the port administration authority of the port of departure and the port (airline) supervision agency. (6) The port management agency shall determine the conditions of loading, unloading and transportation in conjunction with the port (airline) supervisory authority. After approval of the Ministry of Communications, the port management agency shall handle the items according to the "not-shown" item in the corresponding category of this rule.

Article 22 Consigning empty cylinders filled with toxic gases and flammable gases shall be handled according to the conditions of the original dangerous goods.

Containment of empty containers containing liquid dangerous goods, poisonous products (including sub-labels of toxic products), organic peroxides, and radioactive materials, if the following conditions are met, and the original dangerous goods are indicated in the waybill and the order. The product name, serial number, and the words “clean and harmless empty container” can be handled as ordinary goods:

(1) After being decontaminated, washed and disinfected (toxic products), and holding an inspection certificate issued by the technical inspection department, it proves that the empty container is clean and harmless.

(b) of empty containers containing radioactive materials, the surface of which is clean and free from pollution, or is it capable of approaching non-fixed levels of pollution? ? β or γ? ? Emitter less than 4Bq/cm^2? ? Alpha? ? The emitter is less than 0.4Bq/cm^2, and holds the “Certificate for Inspection of Empty Containers of Radioactive Materials” issued by the Ministry of Health and Epidemic Prevention (Form 7).

Consigned empty containers filled with other dangerous goods, after netting, washing, and marked in the waybill and in the orders of the original dangerous goods name and number and "empty containers, clean and harmless" words, according to ordinary goods Handle.

Article 23 Dangerous goods that meet one of the following conditions may be transported under the conditions of ordinary goods:

(1) Some of the accessories or some materials in the complete set of equipment belong to dangerous goods (which can only be packaged separately), and the shipper confirms that no danger will occur during transportation. After being recognized by the port management agency of the port of departure and the port (aviation) supervision agency, In the waybill and job order, indicate the words "do not make dangerous goods."

(2) The goods marked with a * mark in the Dangerous Goods Name Index are packaged and marked in conformity with the regulations, and each package shall not exceed 10 kilograms, and the net weight of each package shall not exceed 0.5 kilograms, and the shipper shall The words "small-package chemicals" are indicated in the waybills and operation orders; however, the total net weight of consignments in each shipment must not exceed 100 kg, and the relevant documents in this chapter should be used for reporting or submitting the relevant documents.

Article 24 Dangerous goods of different nature or different fire fighting methods shall be checked in consignments.

Article 25 Individual consignments of dangerous goods must also be checked with their own identity documents.

Chapter IV Carriage of Shipments Article 26 When loading dangerous goods, the carrier shall select suitable ships of good technical condition. The cabin of the ship should be a steel structure. The technical conditions of electrical equipment, ventilation equipment, lightning protection, and fire fighting equipment should meet the requirements.

Ships below 500 gross tons, as well as dangerous goods transported by township and township transport vessels, cement vessels, and wooden vessels, shall be handled in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 27 Passenger ships and passenger ferries shall not carriage dangerous goods.

When passenger and cargo ships and guest ships carry passengers, dangerous goods cannot be shipped in principle. When it is really necessary to ship, the owner (operator) of the vessel shall formulate limits according to the conditions of the vessel and the performance of the dangerous goods. The shipping companies shall report to the Ministry of Communications for the record, and the local shipping companies shall report to the competent departments of communications of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the ports (airlines). The supervisory agency records. And strictly according to the limit loading requirements.

Article 28 Before a ship ships dangerous goods, the carrier or its agent shall collect from the shipper the relevant documents specified in Chapter III of these rules.

Article 29 Ships carrying dangerous goods shall strictly observe the rules for avoiding collision during navigation. During berthing, loading or unloading, the specified signal should be hoisted or displayed. Smoking is strictly prohibited except at the designated place.

Article 30 Vessels and retirees carrying explosives, primary flammable liquids and organic peroxides shall not, in principle, be combined with other barges for formation or towing. If it is necessary to mix formations and towages, the owner (operator) of the ship shall formulate practical and feasible safety measures. After being approved by the port (supervision) supervision agency, the ship owner shall report to the Ministry of Communications for the record.

Article 31 Ships carrying flammable or explosive dangerous goods may not carry out open fire, welding or spark-prone repair operations. If there are special circumstances, appropriate safety measures should be used. When they are in Hong Kong, they should be approved by the port (supervisory) supervision agency and filed with the port public security fire supervision authority; they should be approved by the captain during the flight.

Article 32 Ships carrying dangerous goods are not permitted to board passengers and unrelated persons except passenger and cargo ships. If you need to use escort personnel, you need to be approved by the port (air) monitoring agency.

Article 33 Ships carrying dangerous goods shall be properly stowed and allocated in strict accordance with the provisions of “Stowage and Segregation” in Annex IV to the Rules and the special stowage requirements in the “Introduction and Schedule of Dangerous Goods of Various Types” in Annex I to the present Rules. Mounting and isolation. Stowage spaces should be clean, cool and well ventilated.

In case of the following circumstances, the cabin area should be used:

(i) goods that require constant inspection;

(2) goods requiring prior inspection;

(3) It is capable of generating explosive gas mixtures, producing highly toxic vapors or cargoes that are strongly corrosive to ships;

(d) Organic peroxides;

(5) Goods that must be abandoned in the event of an accident.

Article 34 The stowage of dangerous goods on board ships shall ensure their safety and the normal use of emergency fire fighting equipment and the smooth passage of aisles.

Article 35 In the event of a dangerous goods falling into the water or an accident such as a broken package, the ship shall immediately take effective measures and report the details to the nearest port (aviation) supervision institution and make a record.

Article 36 Roll-up ships carrying dangerous goods that are "only decked" for stowage shall not be installed on the decks of enclosed and open vehicles.

Article 37 Paper containers (such as corrugated boxes and cardboard drums) shall be contained in the compartment. If they are installed on the deck, they shall be properly protected so that they will not be affected by moisture at any time. performance.

Article 38 After loading dangerous goods, a list of dangerous goods shall be prepared and the name, serial number, classification, quantity and stowage position of the dangerous goods loaded shall be marked on the cargo stowage plan.

Article 39 The carrier and its agents shall, in accordance with the provisions, do a good job in the pre- and correct reporting of ships and provide the port operators with the relevant materials required for unloading goods.

Article 40 For vessels that do not meet the requirements for carriage, the port (airline) supervisory authority has the power to stop the entry, exit, and operations of the ship and order the relevant units to take necessary safety measures.

Chapter V Loading and Unloading Article 41 Where a ship carries dangerous goods, the carrier shall go through the declaration formalities with the port (supervision) supervision agency according to the provisions, and the port operations department shall arrange operations according to the notice of loading and unloading dangerous goods.

Article 42 The berths for the loading and unloading of dangerous goods and the types and quantities of dangerous goods shall be subject to the approval of the port management agency and the port (supervision) supervision agency.

Article 43 Loading and unloading of dangerous goods shall be performed by the loading and unloading personnel (team) with certain professional knowledge. Before loading and unloading, you should understand in detail the nature of the dangerous goods handled, the degree of danger, safety and emergency medical treatment, and strictly follow the relevant operating procedures.

Article 44 For the loading and unloading of dangerous goods, suitable loading and unloading equipment shall be selected according to the nature of the goods. For handling flammable and explosive goods, the Mars extinguishing device should be installed on the loading and unloading machinery, and non-explosion-proof electrical equipment should not be used. Before loading and unloading, check the loading and unloading machinery, loading and unloading explosives, organic peroxides, primary toxicants, and radioactive articles. Loading and unloading equipment shall be reduced by 25% according to the rated load.

Article 45 Loading and unloading of dangerous goods shall be based on the nature and status of the goods, and safety nets shall be provided between ship-shore and ship-ship, and the handling personnel shall wear appropriate protective articles.

Article 46 During the loading and unloading of dangerous goods at night, there shall be good lighting, and explosion-proof safety lighting equipment shall be used for handling flammable and explosive goods.

Article 47 The ship owner shall provide the port operator with a safe on-board operating environment. If the cargo holds are contaminated, the ship owner should explain the situation. For cargo holds that have been contaminated with poisonous and radioactive substances, the ship-owner should apply for inspection by the department of hygiene and epidemic prevention and take effective measures before starting operations.

Before unloading dangerous goods with damaged packaging and dangerous goods that can emit flammable and toxic gases, ventilate the work space and test if necessary.

If the ship does not have a working environment, the port operator has the right to stop the operation and notify the port (air) supervision agency in writing.

Article 48 During ships handling flammable or explosive dangerous goods, no operations such as refueling or water addition (excluding water piped ashore) or copying and scooping shall be carried out; when loading or unloading explosives (except 1.4S), the radars and radars shall not be used or repaired. Radiotelegraph transmitter. The communications equipment used should comply with the relevant regulations.

Article 49 The loading and unloading of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods shall be within the 50-meter radius of the loading and unloading site as a fire-fighting area. Inland river berths and berths should designate suitable fire-fighting areas for loading and unloading the above-mentioned goods, and operations can only be carried out on the premise of ensuring safety. Workers are not allowed to carry fire or wear iron-clad shoes to enter the job site. No one is allowed to enter.

Article 50. In a port that does not have a dangerous goods storehouse, Class I dangerous goods are, in principle, operated by direct replacement. In special circumstances, it is subject to the approval of the port management agency, and appropriate safety protection measures must be taken and the vessel should be loaded or lifted from the port within the approved time.

Article 51 When loading or unloading dangerous goods, in the event of thunder, lightning or fire in the vicinity, the operation shall be immediately stopped and the dangerous goods shall be properly disposed of. Rain and snow weather is prohibited to handle wet and flammable items.

Article 52 For the loading and unloading of dangerous goods, corresponding fire fighting and emergency equipment shall be available on site.

Article 53 Loading and unloading of dangerous goods, loading and unloading personnel shall handle the loading and unloading in strict accordance with plans, and shall not be arbitrarily changed. When loading and unloading, it should be handled with care, and unsafe operations such as impact, slip, drop, etc. are strictly prohibited. The stacking should be neat, stable, with the lid and the top of the bottle facing up. Do not put it upside down.

Damaged, leaking or contaminated dangerous goods cannot be loaded on the ship, and the tally department should do inspection work.

Article 54 Explosives, organic peroxides, primary flammable liquids, primary toxicants, and radioactive articles shall, in principle, be discharged first at the end.

In compartments containing explosives, other goods should not be loaded at the port of Midway. If it is necessary to load, it should be approved by the port (air) monitoring agency and operated in accordance with the relevant provisions of explosives.

Article 55 For dangerous goods that are sensitive to temperature, during the high temperature season, the port shall determine the time of operation according to the climatic conditions of the region and shall not store it in direct sunlight.

Article 56 When loading and unloading movable tanks, unsafe factors such as static electricity due to the shaking of the liquid in the tank during tank handling shall be prevented.

Article 57 The demolition and packing of dangerous goods containers in the port area shall be carried out at the place approved by the port management agency, and the relevant safety measures shall be taken in accordance with the relevant regulations before starting operations.

Article 58 The port management agency shall have the right to cease the operation of the ship in the following situations and order the relevant parties to take the necessary safe disposal measures:

First, the ship equipment and loading and unloading equipment do not meet the requirements;

Second, the cargo loading does not meet the requirements;

Third, the damaged, leaking, contaminated or inconsistent with the relevant provisions of the goods packaging.

Chapter VI Storage and Delivery Article 59 A port where dangerous goods are frequently loaded or unloaded shall have a dedicated warehouse (field) for the storage of dangerous goods; a sound management system shall be established, with professionally trained management personnel and security and fire fighting personnel. With the appropriate fire equipment. In the library (field) area, it is strictly forbidden to enter.

Article 60 The storage of dangerous goods for special warehouses (fields) for non-dangerous goods shall be approved by the port management agency, and shall be based on the nature of the goods, and shall be equipped with safe electrical lighting equipment, fire fighting equipment and necessary ventilation and alarm equipment. Stores should be kept dry and cool.

Article 61 Before the dangerous goods are put into storage (field), they shall be strictly accepted. Damaged, spilled, outsourced, dangerously contaminated or contaminated cargoes should be stored separately and handled in a timely manner.

Article 62 Dangerous goods shall be stacked neatly and securely, and the roof shall be not less than 1.5 meters away from the light; the curtain shall be not less than 0.5 meters from the wall and not less than 1 meter from the broom; dangerous goods and fires of incompatible nature Methods Different dangerous goods may not be placed in the same warehouse. When they need to be stored, they must meet the isolation requirements in Annex IV. It is forbidden to store any items within 1.5 meters of the fire equipment and distribution box. The fire exit in the yard is not less than 6 meters.

Article 63 The warehouses (fields) for storing dangerous goods shall be inspected frequently, and records shall be made of the inspections, and abnormal conditions shall be handled promptly.

Article 64 After the dangerous goods are shipped, the warehouses (fields) shall be cleaned, and the warehouses (fields) that have been contaminated by the storage of dangerous goods shall be washed, and if necessary, they shall contact the relevant department.

Article 65 For dangerous goods arriving in Hong Kong, the carrier or its agent shall notify the consignee in advance to make preparations for the shipment and issue a notification of delivery in a timely manner. Upon delivery, the goods will be delivered in accordance with the name, quantity, and mark of the goods shipped (bill of lading). Goods damaged and spilled should be lifted off the port together with the consignee.

When the consignee fails to pick up the goods within the specified time of the port, the port public security department shall assist in the cargo collection work.

Article 66 For goods that have not been picked up by the unpaid, non-consignor or the consignee after the reminder, the port may be handled in accordance with the provisions of the State's “Measures for Handling Unable Delivery of Goods by Ports and Stations”. For dangerous goods that threaten port security, port management agencies have the right to deal with them in a timely manner.

Chapter VII Fire Protection and Leakage Treatment Article 67 Port operators and carriers shall establish and improve rules and regulations for the safe transportation of dangerous goods, formulate emergency measures for accidents, and organize the establishment of appropriate fire emergency teams equipped with fire fighting and emergency equipment.

Article 68 Before the operation of a carrier ship or port operator, he shall, according to the nature of the goods, equip the Emergency Measures for Shipping of Dangerous Goods to Ships (Appendix A) to the emergency appliances and protective equipment required in the emergency table, and shall comply with Annex 1 to these Regulations. Special requirements in "Introduction and Schedule of Dangerous Goods of Various Types". When abnormalities are found during the operation (including storage and storage), measures shall be taken immediately to eliminate hidden dangers. In the event of an accident, the relevant personnel shall promptly implement rescue operations under the unified command of the on-site commanders in accordance with the "First Aid Guide for Dangerous Goods Accidents" (Appendix II), and immediately report the public security fire department, port management agency, and harbor affairs (airlines). Supervision agencies and other relevant departments.

Article 69 If a ship harbors a dangerous cargo leakage accident in port areas, rivers, lakes and coastal waters, it shall immediately report it to the port authority (air navigation) supervision agency and collect the spilled matter as far as possible and remove it to the receiving equipment on shore. , can not be dumped arbitrarily.

When vessels are in navigation and have to dump spills or discharge flushing water into the water to protect the safety of ships and human life, they should report to the nearest port (air) monitoring agency as soon as possible.

Article 70 After the leakage of goods is disposed, the contaminated premises shall be cleaned to eliminate the hazards.

When a ship is exposed to strong corrosive cargo leakage, it should be carefully checked whether it causes structural damage to the ship and if necessary, it should apply for inspection by the ship inspection department.

Article 71 The anti-pollution requirements in the transport of dangerous goods shall comply with the provisions of the relevant environmental protection laws and regulations in China.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions Article 72 The rules are to be interpreted by the Ministry of Communications.

The competent departments of communications of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate detailed rules for implementation in accordance with the relevant provisions of these Regulations and report them to the Ministry of Communications for the record.

Article 73 This rule shall come into force on December 1, 1996.

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