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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The increase in total volume in the past five years, the renewed willingness to return to the local industry, the new generation of migrant workers accounted for half of the country, and the proportion of the three industries increased. The National Bureau of Statistics recently released the "2016 Migrant Workers Monitoring Survey Report" The new changes and new trends of the migrant workers' group in China also reflect the profound social impact brought about by China's current economic restructuring and industrial upgrading.
2016 survey report on migrant workers: total increase, structural optimization, income slowdown
The trend of migrant workers is now returning
The so-called migrant workers refer to workers who are still in rural areas and who are engaged in non-agricultural industries or who have been employed for 6 months or more. Local migrant workers refer to migrant workers who work within the township where the household registration is located.
According to the report, as of the end of 2016, the total number of migrant workers in China reached 281.71 million, an increase of 1.5% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 0.2 percentage points higher than the previous year.
According to public data, the growth rate of migrant workers from 2010 to 2015 was 5.5%, 4.4%, 3.9%, 2.4%, 1.9%, and 1.3%, respectively. The trend of slowing down year by year is very obvious. It can be found from the report that the increase in the number of migrant workers has expanded since 2011 and presents two major characteristics:
First, the total number of migrant workers continued to increase, but the increase was mainly from local migrant workers; second, the growth rate of migrant workers continued to fall, and migrant workers across the province continued to decrease.
Li Yongzhuang, director of the Center for Minsheng Economic Research at the Central University of Finance and Economics, said that from the changes in the total number of migrant workers in recent years, the situation of surplus labor in the past is changing. In addition, the trend of returning migrant workers is obvious, indicating that the cost performance of migrant workers is getting lower and lower. At the same time, with the industrial transfer in the eastern coastal areas and the accelerated economic development in the central and western regions, the hometown is increasingly attractive to migrant workers.
Guo Yonghong, a villager from Xiangwen Village, Longping Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province, who has been working outside the country, has been working in the village's cotton processing plant for more than a year. “Working here for five or six hours a day, with a monthly income of more than 2,000 yuan, can also take care of the family, and work more efficiently than working outside.†Guo Yonghong’s idea represents the wishes of many migrant workers.
The pressure of aging is gradually emerging
The report pointed out that the new generation of migrant workers born in 1980 and later has gradually become the main body of migrant workers, accounting for 49.7% of the total number of migrant workers in the country. Among all the migrant workers, young adults are still the mainstay, but their proportion continues to decline.
According to public data, the average age of migrant workers in China has increased from 35.5 years in 2013, 38.3 years in 2014, and 38.6 years in 2015 to 39 years in 2016.
“The aging of the workforce will be a long-term challenge in the future.†Li Yongzhuang said that these data show that the new labor force is decreasing, the aging of migrant workers is beginning to rise, and the pressure of aging is gradually emerging.
On the other hand, from the perspective of employment structure, although the manufacturing and construction industries are still a large channel for absorbing migrant workers' employment, the proportion has dropped significantly.
Zhou Tianyong, a professor at the Central Party School, pointed out that compared with the older generation of migrant workers, the “post-80s†and “post-90s†new generation of migrant workers have higher requirements for working environment and life communication, and the service industry with better working environment and employment conditions is more attractive to them. .