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1. Non-invasive biopsy blood tests: Ultra-sensitive blood tests called "biopsy" are expected to improve cancer diagnosis and care. Cancer patients usually undergo imaging and biopsies. The tumor specimens are cut off and examined under a microscope. Usually, the gene mutations that cause malignancy can be analyzed. Combining this information helps determine which type of cancer people have and how to heal it better. However, sometimes the "biopsy" cannot be completed, for example when the scalpel is difficult to reach the tumor. Observing and analyzing these organizations is costly and time-consuming because the "biopsy" is physically invasive and it can lead to infection or other complications.
A tool called “Liquid Biopsy†can find signs of cancer in blood samples and provide more treatment options. This technology locks in "circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)", which is usually injected into the bloodstream from cancer cells. Until recently, advanced technology was developed to detect circulating tumor DNA and to rapidly and inexpensively amplify and sequence this DNA.
2. Extraction of drinking water from dry air: At present, scientists have proposed moisture absorption technology using sunlight as a power source. This method is economical and feasible, has a low cost, and can produce clean drinking water.
A cooperative team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of California, Berkeley, tested a technology that does not require access to the grid to produce clean drinking water. They want to use some substances to absorb moisture in the atmosphere. For example, the zeolite in humidifiers. In addition to the need for high humidity, trapped water must be heated to complete the process, which requires energy consumption. Researchers used metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to design a porous crystal that can convert moisture in the air into water without electricity.
3. The deep learning network is comparable to human vision: At present, artificial intelligence technology can match or even surpass the expertise of experts in medicine and other fields and describe in detail what they see. Recently, a system called “Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)†has made the deep learning network greatly improved. It can give a simple example to illustrate its powerful function. It can distinguish animal images, although people can easily distinguish between dogs and cats. But CNN systems can be classified more precisely than humans. This is because the CNN system has deep learning ability, which can infer from the subtle things, infer, and distinguish the image types.
The computer version of the deep learning of the CNN system has many functions. By identifying pedestrians and creating automated vehicles with strong safety performance, insurance companies have begun to apply deep learning tools to assess the status of car damage. In the security camera industry, the CNN system is able to understand group behavior as much as possible and ensure safer public places and airports. In the field of agricultural production, a deep learning system can predict crop yields, monitor water levels, and detect them in time before crop disease spreads. In addition, the CNN system can also be widely used in the medical field.
4. Artificial leaves: Artificial leaves can convert carbon dioxide into fuel. The concept of artificial leaves sounds very reasonable. It can use solar energy rationally, convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, and provide energy for plant cell activity.
Recently, a research team confirmed that in a highly efficient system, it is able to decompose and convert carbon dioxide into fuel. A research report released by Science in June 2016 pointed out that scientists at Harvard University in the United States have transcended the ability of natural leaves to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, and they have been able to produce liquid fuels (especially fuel alcohol). Plants use 1% of the energy from the sun to make glucose, whereas artificial leaves convert carbon dioxide into fuel by about 10%, which is equivalent to extracting 180 grams of carbon dioxide from the air and producing electricity once.
5. Human Cell Atlas: An international research project aimed at describing in detail the detailed status of each cell type in the body's function, which will help open a new window for the study of human health and disease.
In-depth understanding of how the human body operates and how human diseases occur, people need to have a lot of information. Know to identify specific cell types in each tissue, as well as the active state of genes, proteins, and other molecules in each cell type; in addition, analyze how processes control this activity, the precise location of these cells, and how cells normally function Other cells interact. In June 2017, according to the “Chan-Zacher Initiativeâ€, scientists combined the information in current and future research projects to establish the latest human cell map, which can detail the detailed functions of various human cell types.
Traditional agricultural farming is based on the management of the entire farmland. Based on local farmland conditions and historical data, corresponding farming decisions are made: how to plant, harvest, irrigate, and use insecticides and fertilizers. In contrast, precision agriculture uses high-tech technology, combined with sensors, robots, GPS, mapping tools, and data analysis software to custom-farm the farm without increasing labor.
7, the inexpensive catalyst to provide power for new energy vehicles: the reduction of platinum in fuel cell catalysts will promote hydrogen-powered vehicles to the mass market. Battery-powered electric vehicles do not release carbon dioxide when they are driving, and they will gradually become mainstream in the future.
Previously, the catalyst in the hydrogen fuel cell contained expensive platinum, which seriously hindered its development. Currently, scientists have proposed an effective solution to reduce the platinum content in the catalyst. They use more effective palladium metal instead of platinum and nickel or copper. The less expensive metal is used instead of the precious metal mentioned above. The catalyst is usually covered with a platinum nano-layer on the carbon membrane, and researchers are also considering using other substrates.
8. Gene vaccine against disease: It is not a vaccine containing protein but a vaccine containing DNA or RNA, which can rapidly develop infectious disease prevention technology. Traditional vaccines are used to prevent some infectious diseases, kill or weaken pathogens in the microbiota, and vaccines for cancer treatment also rely on proteins.
At present, scientists have newly developed a new vaccine containing genes that will enter the medical field. Genetic vaccines have many advantages. When the Zika or Ebola virus suddenly has increased or diffused toxicity, genetic vaccines can quickly adapt to and suppress these viruses.
9. Sustainable community design that significantly reduces waste: “Green Home†not only satisfies the assembly of environmental protection equipment. The current grand design attempts to connect the building building into a sustainable development community and effectively realize the energy cycle and resource sharing. In the past decade, the renovation and construction of individual houses with the aim of reducing energy and water consumption are rapidly growing rapidly. However, it is a good idea to apply green buildings to diversified buildings.
A strong example is the “Auckland Green Building Project†proposed by the University of California, Berkeley, proposed by architecture and urban design professor Harrison Fraker. The project plan is detailed but not yet Construction will transform 30-40 old-fashioned houses in low-income neighborhoods near the famous Golden Gate Bridge in California, aiming to apply existing technologies to significantly reduce fossil fuel consumption, water consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions.
10. Quantum computing will be widely used: The further application of quantum computing technology will open the door to solving new problems. People have been looking at quantum computing for 50 years. The reason is simple: it solves problems that traditional machines cannot answer.
Although small quantum computers have been manufactured today, they still cannot break through the capabilities of supercomputers, but quantum computing is still rapidly developing. In 2016, IBM provided a channel for the public to access the first quantum computer with cloud services. In the future, quantum computing will have a broader development prospect.
Beijing July 3 news, according to foreign media reports, at present, the World Economic Forum recently selected the world's top ten emerging technologies, including: