Exploring the Development History of Pumps Reviewing the Civilization of Human Development

Abstract: The pump is controlled by the prime mover and drives the movement of the medium. It is an energy conversion device that converts the energy output from the prime mover into medium pressure energy. Experienced from the original waterwheel → screw pump → steam piston pump → motor impeller pump and other stages of evolution only to become a modern pump.

There were various water-lifting devices in ancient times: such as Egypt's chain pump (17th century BC), China's Jade Dragonfly (17th century BC), Tao (11th century BC), and waterwheel (1st century AD). The more famous is the spiral rod invented by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, which can lift the water to a height of a few meters in a smooth and continuous manner. The principle is still used by modern screw pumps.

Around 200 BC, the fire-extinguishing pump invented by the ancient Greek craftsman K克ticíbius was one of the most primitive piston pumps with the main components of a typical piston pump, but the piston pump only developed rapidly after the appearance of a steam engine. .

From 1840 to 1850, Worthington, the United States, invented a piston pump that directly opposed the pump and steam cylinders, and marked the formation of modern piston pumps. The 19th century was the climax of the development of piston pumps. It was already used in various machines such as hydraulic presses. However, with the dramatic increase in water demand, from the 1920s onwards, low-speed, high-displacement piston pumps have gradually been replaced by high-speed centrifugal pumps and rotary pumps. However, the reciprocating pump still occupies a major position in the field of high pressure and small flow, especially the diaphragm pump and the piston pump have unique advantages and their applications are increasing.

The emergence of rotary pumps is related to the increasingly diverse industrial requirements for liquid transport. As early as 1588, there was a record for a four-blade vane pump. Afterwards, various other rotary pumps appeared one after another. However, there were still disadvantages such as large leakage, large wear, and low efficiency during the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, people solved problems such as rotor lubrication and sealing, and they were driven by high-speed motors. The rotary pumps suitable for higher pressures, medium and small flow rates, and various viscous liquids developed rapidly. The types of rotary pumps and the types of liquids that can be transported are not as great as those of other types of pumps.

Centrifugal pumps emerged as early as the 5th century, a wooden pump used to drain water in the Santo Domingo copper mine, which is now on display at the Paris Museum. At the end of the 15th century, the famous Italian scholar Leonardo da Vinci proposed the concept of a centrifugal pump. The French physicist Tanis Baben produced an experimental model of a centrifugal pump in 1689. In 1705, he also improved the experimental pump. Manufactured the first multi-blade pump with a spiral pressure chamber. But what is closer to modern centrifugal pumps is the so-called Massachusetts pump that appeared in the United States in 1818 with a radial straight blade, a semi-open double suction impeller and a volute. From 1851 to 1875, multi-stage centrifugal pumps with guide vanes were invented, making it possible to develop high-lift centrifugal pumps.

Although as early as 1754, the Swiss mathematician Euler proposed the basic equation of the impeller-type hydraulic machinery and laid the theoretical foundation for the design of the centrifugal pump. However, the centrifugal pump has not been developed in practical applications. Pump geometry is a volumetric pump - reciprocating pump. Later, the advent of steam turbines, advances in power generation technology, and the advent of electric motors led to the emergence of high-speed prime movers, which enabled centrifugal pumps to obtain an ideal source of power for its superiority to be fully utilized. As a result, centrifugal pumps (and axial and mixed-flow pumps that appeared later than it) quickly developed. Based on the theoretical research and practice of many scholars such as Renault in the United Kingdom and Pflerdrel in Germany, the efficiency of the centrifugal pump has been greatly improved, and its performance range and field of use have also been expanding. It has become the most widely used in modern applications. The largest output pump.