A. At present, the more common collectors in China ? There are many types of collectors. The more common collectors are shown in the following table: Production unit in the table: Shenyang - Shenyang metallurgical beneficiation pharmaceutical plant Zhuzhou - Hunan Zhuzhou Mineral Processing Pharmacy Factory Yunye - Yunnan Smelter White Silver - Silver Company pharmaceutical processing plant The name of the drug is adapted to the reference price of ore (yuan/ton). One yellow drug 1 ethyl xanthate sulfide ore collector Shenyang, Zhuzhou, Yunye, silver 2 Isopropyl xanthate for flotation of CU-MO mine, CU-PB-ZN ore, Shenyang, silver 3 butyl xanthate sulfide ore and oxidizing mineral collectors Shenyang, Zhuzhou Yunye, silver 4 sec-butyl xanthate flotation of gold-bearing iron ore and black with the use of better drugs Shenyang 5 isoflavone used in sulfide ore and oxidized ore, strong harvesting capacity 6 Zhongxin xanthate advanced xanthate, used in sulfide ore and oxidized ore flotation 7 The mixed drug of mixed yellow medicine is similar to that of Ding Huang medicine, suitable for sulfide ore flotation Shenyang 8 The crude medicinal herb has similar harvesting power to Dinghuang, which can replace the flocculent sulfide silver in Dinghuang medicine. 9 mixed dibutyl xanthate and Ding Huang medicine have similar performance, can replace silver with silver 10 amine alcohol xanthate is suitable for sulfide ore and mixed ore flotation Zhuzhou 11 B double xanthate for flotation of precipitated copper is better to be determined Zhuzhou Two black medicines No. 12,25 Aerofloat lead zinc-nickel sulphide ore collector, both foaming Shenyang, Zhuzhou The nature of sodium sulphate No. 13 and No. 25 is the same as that of 25# black medicine, which has the advantage of eliminating the odor of 325# black medicine. 14. Ferric ammonium black drug as a collector of sulfide ore and gold-nickel ore with foaming Shenyang and Zhuzhou Shenyang, silver 15, crude butyl ammonium black medicine with silver 16 mixed isobutyl ammonium black medicine with silver 17, aniline black drug polymetallic sulfide ore collector Shenyang 18, sodium butyrate black drug sulfide ore and gold nickel ore collector, both foaming Shenyang, Zhuzhou 19, cyclohexylamine black drug as a collector of lead-zinc ore to be determined Guangzhou Institute of Nonferrous Metals Trisulfide 20, diethyldithiocarbamate xanthate similar properties as the lead-bismuth antimony collector, effective than xanthate 5800 Zhuzhou Tetraester 21 thiazide ester (ester-105) sulphide ore collector, combined with foaming silver mining and metallurgy research institute 22 thiazolyl ester (Z-200) When separating copper and lead by sulfite method, it is better than the floatation of yellow medicine. Liaoning Institute of Metallurgy Hexahydrophthalic acid 23-OH oxime as copper oxide, collector cassiterite, titanium iron, white tungsten, tantalum, niobium, rare earth ore 4600 Shenyang 24 hydroxamic acid as above 8500 Shenyang Hexaphthalic acid 25 benzyl bismuth silicate silicate effective collector, can also be used as hepta tungsten , antimony ore, zircon , rare earth ore, ilmenite collector 7000 Zhuzhou Heptaamine 26 is a mixed amine cationic collector for flotation of quartz, silicates, aluminum silicates, minerals like potassium and calamine Shenyang 27 ether amine cation collector, quartz collector 4500-5000 Beijing Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy B. Why does the foaming agent stabilize the foam? What are the commonly used foaming agents? Commonly used foaming agents are heteropolar surface active substances, one end of which is a non-polar hydrocarbon group, and the other end is a hydrophilic polar group. In the pulp, the foaming agent molecules are adsorbed at a gas-liquid interface in a certain orientation, and the non-polar groups are directed toward the air, that is, toward the inside of the bubble. The polar group faces the water and attracts water molecules (the polar ends are hydrated). Therefore, the foaming agent can reduce the flow velocity and evaporation speed of the water layer between the walls, thus preventing the crack of the bubble wall. After the foaming agent molecules are aligned on the surface of the bubble, when the two bubbles contact and collide, two layers of foaming agent molecules and a hydration layer of their polar groups are interposed in the middle, so that the bubbles are difficult to merge, and the small bubbles are easily preserved. Small bubbles are more resistant to external vibrations than large bubbles, and their stability is stronger. Another major reason for the foaming agent to stabilize the bubble is that the foaming agent imparts elasticity to the surface of the bubble, as does a flexible rubber film. When the bubble is subjected to vibration or is subjected to an external force, the bubble suddenly deforms, and if there is no foaming agent molecule on the surface of the bubble, the bubble wall is thinned to cause cracking. However, when there are foaming agent molecules on the surface of the bubble, the orientation of the foaming agent molecules reduces the surface tension, and when the bubble is deformed by an external force, the interface of the bubble wall also increases, causing a decrease in the molecular concentration of the foaming agent in the surface layer of the bubble. The surface tension of the gas-liquid interface is significantly increased. On the one hand, the increase of the surface tension is beneficial to restrain the gas molecules in the bubble from rushing out, and on the other hand, the bubble generates a large contraction force, which overcomes the bubble generation. Cracked external force. The size of the bubbles due to the adsorption of the foamer molecules depends on the activity, solubility and concentration of the foaming agent molecules. When the concentration of the solution and the concentration of the gas-liquid interface are unbalanced due to the expansion of the interface, the rate at which the molecules are adsorbed to the interface by the solution is too fast or too slow, and the elasticity of the bubbles is weakened. Therefore, it is necessary to use a foaming agent having an appropriate activity and solubility, and the amount thereof is appropriately controlled. From the above, it is known that the action of the foaming agent contributes to the formation of bubbles and enhances the stability of the foam. During the flotation process, the bubbles form a so-called mineralized foam due to the attachment of the ore particles to the bubbles. The three-phase foam formed by the mineralization of the two-phase foam is more stable. This is because the mineral particles have the following effects on the bubbles: (1) It is possible to reduce the flow rate of the water layer in the foam because the ore particles adsorb on the bubbles to form a capillary tube that absorbs water. (2) The ore particles are adsorbed on the bubble wall, which hinders the mutual merger of the bubbles; (3) The collector interaction on the surface of the ore particles can increase the mechanical strength of the bubbles. In addition, the stability of the foam is also related to other factors, generally speaking, the content of the slime will also make the foam more stable. In addition, the pH value of the pulp and the soluble salt content also have an effect on the stability of the foam. Etherol and phenylethyl ester oils are novel foaming agents used in recent years. In addition, glyceryl oil, neo-sonol oil, and butyl ether oil (No. 4 oil) are also popular foaming agents. Methyl pentanol is a widely used foaming in foreign countries. C. What is the mechanism of action of the activator? The activator acts to form a film on the surface of the mineral that promotes the action of the collector. It is generally considered to have the following effects: (1) Dissolved mineral surface inhibiting film For example, a ferric hydroxide film on the surface of pyrite. It is a suppressing film which hinders the action of the collector. After treatment with sulfuric acid as an activator, it can dissolve the inhibitory iron hydroxide film, which is beneficial to the yellow drug's collection of pyrite. (2) Forming a sparingly soluble activated film on the mineral surface due to the chemical reaction of exchange adsorption or displacement For example, the activation of uninhibited sphalerite with copper sulfate is due to the substitution reaction of Cu2+ in copper sulfate with Zn2+ in the zinc blende crystal lattice: ZnS]ZnS +CuSO4 = ZnS]CuS +ZnSO4 Sphalerite copper sulfide film As a result, a layer of easily floatable copper sulfide film is formed on the surface of the sphalerite, which has similar floatability to copper blue CuS. For example, sodium sulfide is commonly used as an activator of copper oxide and leucite to form a sulfide film on the surface of the oxidized ore. The floatation of the sulfide film is similar to that of sulfide ore. Sulfation reaction of sodium sulfide to malachite: CuCO3 Cu(OH)]CuCO3 Cu(OH)2 +2Na2S= CuCO3 Cu(OH)2]2CuS +2NaOH+Na2CO3 Sulfation reaction of sodium sulfide to white lead ore: PbCO3]PbCO3 + Na2S = PbCO3]PbS +Na2CO3 (3) Elimination of the harmful effects of inhibitory ions in the slurry Such as copper sulphate Cu2+, it will precipitate or complex the inhibitory CN-, SO3 plasma in the pulp, and then form activating film on the mineral surface. It should be noted that in many cases the activator will interact with the collector to form a poorly soluble compound. This reduces both the activation of the activator and the undesired consumption of the collector. Therefore, when the agent is added, an activator is added first, and then the collector is added, and the amount of the activator is strictly controlled. D, the effect of PH value on the surface potential of the ore and its floatability The influence of the potential value on the surface of the ore particles is the ions in the inner and dense layers of the electric double layer. The localized ions are generally constituents of the mineral lattice, and Pb+ and S2- are the localized ions of the galena. However, since a series of reactions occur in the aqueous surface of the mineral component, a series of ions are generated, which affects the electrical properties of the electric double layer. For some insoluble oxides and silicate minerals, H+, OH- is its localization ion. The positioning ions can pass through the solid-liquid interface and try to establish a balance at the interface to form a certain zeta potential and zeta potential. Because H+ and OH- are the localized ions of some insoluble oxides and silicate minerals. Different pH values. It indicates that there are different H+ and OH- concentrations in the solution. The larger the pH value, the more OH- in the solution, and the more the OH- adsorbed on the surface of the ore particles after the ions adsorbed on the surface of the ore are balanced. On the contrary, the smaller the PH value, the more H+ in the solution, and the increased H+ adsorption on the surface of the ore. Therefore, the magnitude of the pH directly affects the zeta potential of the surface of the ore. H+ and OH- are the localized ions of quartz, and the solution is made alkaline with NaOH. The potential of quartz is -70~-120 mV. The PH value decreases with the increase of the amount of HCL. When PH=3.7±, and the amount of HCL is continuously increased, the potential can be changed to become positive after crossing the zero. The pH at which the potential is zero is referred to as the isoelectric point. Similarly, the pH at which the potential is zero is referred to as the zero point. When the value is zero, the value is also zero, but the value is not zero and the value can be zero. Since the ionic strength in the Han solution is large, the odd-numbered ions in the diffusion layer may be squeezed into the dense layer, so that the counter ion in the sliding surface is electrically equivalent to the positioning ion. In the flotation of certain oxidized ore (such as corundum and quartz), the action of the collector and the mineral is electrostatic attraction, and the collector ions must be discarded in the dense layer in the electric double layer as the opposite ion. The electrical properties of the layer ions play a role in counteraction. When the pH is lower than the isoelectric point, the surface of the mineral is positively charged, and an anionic collector should be used. When the PH value is higher than the isoelectric point, the surface of the mineral is negatively charged, and a cationic collector should be used. The anionic collector sodium lauryl sulfate is effective for quartz flotation at pH 2-3. At pH 9.4, it is effective for corundum flotation. The dodecylamine is a cationic collector. For the flotation of quartz and corundum, the pH must be greater than 2-3 and 9.4, respectively. However, at pH 12, dodecaneamine produced mainly in the form of hydrated amine molecules, losing the trapping effect. It must be pointed out that xanthate acts as a collector for metal sulfide ore, and the effect of the agent and mineral surface is not on electrostatic attraction. It is based on chemical bonding. Therefore, the electrical properties of the mineral surface have little or no effect on the recovery rate. Ceiling Fan with remote control, light kit like LED and bulbs and blades which some of them will automatically stretch out or put inside when it turns on or off. This ceiling fan also can be controlled by the remote control, which means all function of this ceiling fan can be controlled. 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