Description:
AWS E7016 Welding Electrodes is a potassium low hydrogen type Carbon Steel Welding Electrodes.It can be used for all postion welding with excellent performances:,small spatters, easy restrike arc, high welding efficiency, fine appearance and slag easy to remove. The weld seam shows a satisfactory plasticity, excellent low temperature toughness and high crack resistance.
Aws E7016 Welding Electrodes Product details:
Diameter: 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.2mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm
Length: 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm
Operating Current: AC and DC
Welding Current Range: 70-180A
Application:
AWS E7016 Welding Electrodes is Suitable for welding important carbon steel and low alloy steel, such as 16Mn steel and ships fabricated by A,B,D,E grade steel.
Attention:
a. Welding electrodes should be backed at the temperature of 350℃ for one hour before welding.
b. Before welding, the weld metal must be cleared away impurities, such as rust oil, moisture, etc.
c. Short arc and narrow weld bead are recommended in welding.
Packing:
2.5mm*300mm 2.5kgs/inner box, 8inner boxes/carton=20kgs
3.2mm*350mm 5.0kgs/inner box, 4inner boxes/carton=20kgs
4.0mm*400mm 5.0kgs/inner box, 4inner boxes/carton=20kgs
5.0mm*400mm 5.0kgs/inner box, 4inner boxes/carton=20kgs
AWS E7016 Welding Electrodes Aws E7016 Welding Electrodes,E7016 Welding Electrode,7016 Welding Rod,E7016 Welding Rod Dingzhou Jinlong Metal Production Co., Ltd. , http://www.weldingelectrodefactory.com
In the severe environment and energy dilemma, partial electrification or full electrification of vehicles is an important response to support the continued growth of car ownership.
However, in the past few years, the demonstration and promotion of new energy vehicles in public transport services and municipal vehicles did not achieve the expected good results and completed the planned goals on schedule. The actual conditions of demonstration application and promotion were unsatisfactory.
The reason for this is that vehicle power batteries are easier to scrap and their technology needs to be further improved, and prices need to be further reduced. Otherwise, the power battery repeatedly bad change, virtually increase the cost of use. According to related articles, some places have catered to the image project of planning and hard-headed promotion of new energy vehicles, and do not consider losing money. After the use of new energy vehicles, the operating costs of urban public transport systems have been increasing, and the total annual loss has been tens of millions. This directly leads to a disconnect between the ideal and the reality. The government promotes the enthusiastic interest of the shaved razor whose interests are in opposition to the user's interests.
In order not to repeat the mistakes in the private consumption field, we must learn from previous lessons, pay attention to the market mechanism, consider the degree of user acceptance, and choose a suitable technical route. "The use of new energy vehicles after the loss of benefit accounting," this use effect, the user is certainly not acceptable. In other words, we must allow users to really feel the greater economy of the vehicle after the transition from fueling to electrification, and the development of new energy vehicles will have inexhaustible impetus. Saving money and using it are the absolute truth.
Therefore, at this stage, the promotion of new energy vehicles, if you want to achieve rapid development, you must try to avoid the harm as much as possible to avoid the power battery can not be the same cycle with the life of the vehicle, and the price of the innate short board.
At present, there has been no substantial breakthrough in the research and development of power batteries with excellent energy density, safety, and cycle life.
In this case, too few batteries on a pure electric vehicle will affect the driving experience of the consumer because the driving range is too short. However, by increasing the number of batteries to increase the driving range, many disadvantages will arise.
For example, high-speed pure electric vehicles often carry a power battery weighing about 1 ton in order to pursue a higher driving range after a single charge, resulting in a reduction in their economy and an increase in the risk. They need more energy to overcome their own weight. The battery needs a good management system. Experts pointed out that the more vehicle-mounted batteries, the more difficult it is to dissipate heat, thereby placing higher demands on battery management. In the context of using the same material, the higher the energy density of the battery, the greater the danger and the worse the service life. The extensive use of expensive power batteries will cause the total price of vehicles to remain high, making potential consumers discouraged.
Therefore, many people look down on the market prospects of pure electric vehicles. The article pointed out that Honda’s president Ito Takahiro believes that pure electric vehicles are “short-distance mobile tools in specific circumstancesâ€. And Zhong Faping, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Ke Liyuan, said that pure electric vehicles are faced with many bottlenecks such as strong infrastructure dependence, high costs, and unreliable safety performance. The national policy will force the pure electric vehicles to “cure†and may China’s energy-saving and new energy automobile industry will cause serious harm.
China's power supply-based power supply structure, also prompted not suitable for the development of high-energy large-scale high-speed pure electric vehicles. According to the 2013 National Economic and Social Development Statistical Communique issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, the country’s installed power generation capacity at the end of the year was 1,274.38 million kilowatts, an increase of 9.3% over the end of the previous year. Among them, the thermal power installed capacity of 862.38 million kilowatts, an increase of 5.7%; hydropower installed capacity of 28.02 million kilowatts, an increase of 12.3%; nuclear power installed capacity of 14.61 million kilowatts, an increase of 16.2%; grid-connected wind power installed capacity of 75.48 million kilowatts, an increase of 24.5%; Solar power generation capacity was 14.79 million kilowatts, an increase of 3.4 times.
Moreover, foreign scholars warn that due to the use of a large amount of graphite in vehicle power batteries, vigorous promotion of pure electric vehicles will lead to a rapid increase in the amount of graphite mining, exacerbating environmental pollution. Professor Anthony Pandoff of the Department of Materials Engineering at Monash University in Australia pointed out that the graphite used in a conventional electric vehicle battery is approximately 50kg.
Graphite itself is not toxic, but during its extraction and production, it emits large amounts of black dust and acidic sewage containing heavy metals, destroys vegetation and crops, pollutes air and surface water and groundwater, and may also cause landslides, collapses, mudslides and soil erosion. Geological hazards.
In addition, due to the large number of lithium batteries used in digital equipment and automobiles, the demand for lithium metal has increased. In recent years, the price of metallic lithium has been rising in the international market. Experts warn that the global crisis of lithium resources may come before the new large-capacity power battery is found.
Therefore, from the perspective of the above, PHEVs have advantages over pure electric vehicles in alternative driving solutions for traditional automobiles. They require more battery, power, graphite, and lithium resources. Less, only a fraction of pure electric vehicles, can ease the ecological and resource crisis.
For users, plug-in hybrid vehicles can meet the needs of green driving and long-distance travel in the city at the same time, and since pure electric cruising range is often dozens of kilometers, there is no need to carry so many heavy power batteries. . Can use ordinary socket charging, thereby reducing the demand for charging facilities construction site (in the context of urban land and land, expect to obtain a large number of charging facilities is not realistic), and reduce the impact of vehicle charging on the power grid and impact.
So, at this stage, plug-in hybrid vehicles are more grounded, and their market prospects are more worth looking forward to. Because of this, at the 2014 Geneva International Auto Show, hybrid and plug-in hybrid models have become the leading role on the stage of new energy vehicles, and the purely electric models that have been in the past few years have been admired. More and more auto companies have shifted their focus on new energy vehicles to plug-in hybrids.
The development of plug-in hybrid vehicles is in line with the guiding spirit of China's new energy vehicle strategic planning.
The “Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)†pointed out that “the main strategic orientation of the transformation of the purely electric vehicle into the automobile industry is to promote the industrialization of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles, and to promote popularization. Non-plug-in hybrid vehicles and energy-saving internal-combustion vehicles will enhance the overall technological level of China's auto industry."
At present, some cities in China have accelerated the pace of promoting plug-in hybrid vehicles. For example, in Shanghai, “Tianjin Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Demonstration and Promotion and Industrial Development Planning (2013-2020)†and “Interim Measures for Encouraging the Private Pilot Purchase and Use of New Energy Vehicle Pilot Projects†were held in Shanghai for plug-in hybrid vehicles. There is a more open and open attitude, allowing them to enter the subsidy list and open their doors in the license plate. Regrettably, Beijing, which publishes the “Regulations on the Management of the Registration and Application of New Energy Minibus Manufacturers and Products for Demonstration and Applicationâ€, has excluded the plug-in hybrid vehicles that will not be produced in the near future by the municipal automobile manufacturers. This is not conducive to motivating consumers to purchase and use new energy vehicles.
In the long run, any car manufacturer cannot participate in the research and development and production of new energy vehicles.
In 2012, the “Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan†issued by the State Council proposed that by 2015, the average fuel consumption of passenger vehicles should be reduced to 6.9L/100km and by 2020 it should be reduced to 5L/100km.
Pure electric vehicles are the ultimate goal, but plug-in hybrid is the most realistic choice at present. To achieve the average fuel consumption requirements, car companies may wish to make more efforts to develop plug-in hybrid models.
From March 24th to 25th, the third Global Nuclear Security Summit was held in The Hague, The Netherlands. The development of civil nuclear power in China has also attracted much attention. Wang Yiren, deputy director of the National Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry and the deputy director of the National Atomic Energy Agency, said that by 2020, China’s nuclear power installed capacity is expected to reach 58 million kilowatts, and the promotion of China’s nuclear power projects to the international market is also Will be the key goal.
“At present, China has 17 nuclear power generating units in operation and 31 nuclear power generating units under construction. It is estimated that by 2020, the number of nuclear power generating units that can be operated in China will approach 60.†Wang Yirong said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that in 2020, China’s The installed nuclear power capacity is expected to reach 5,800 kilowatts. The operation of the nuclear power unit plus the nuclear power unit under construction will be ranked second in the world.
According to nuclear power experts, the five major power generation groups have plans to actively develop nuclear power in 2014. Recently, China Huadian Group and China National Nuclear Corporation signed a nuclear power project cooperation agreement. China Huaneng Group established a nuclear power expert committee. The only company with China Nuclear Power Investment Corporation, which has “a qualification for nuclear power development and controlâ€, will participate in the Liaoning Hongyanhe nuclear power project this year.
Due to the huge impact of the nuclear leakage accident in Fukushima, Japan, the construction of China’s civilian nuclear power project was once stagnant. However, the serious smog pollution problem has forced China to restart the development of efficient and clean nuclear power. In January, the National Energy Administration issued the “Guidelines for Energy Work in 2014†and proposed that nuclear power key projects be approved for approval in due course to steadily advance the construction of nuclear power in coastal areas and protect the nuclear power plant sites in inland areas. The National Energy Administration has made it clear that the planned increase in installed nuclear power capacity is 8.64 million kilowatts this year, an increase of 264% compared to the actual installed capacity of 2.21 million kilowatts in 2013.
At present, nuclear power generation accounts for about 14% of the global power structure, and China’s nuclear power accounts for 2% of the total. It is clear that there will be considerable room for development in the future.