Tube sheet are usually made of a round flat plate with holes drilled into the plate to accommodate tubes in the exact location and pattern relative to each other. The tube sheet is used to support and isolate the tubes in the Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger.
A tube sheet is a plate used to support a tube in a shell and tube heat exchanger. The tubes are aligned in a parallel manner and are supported and held in place by the tube plate. A tube sheet is a round plate with holes in it so that the tube can fit through the opening. Tubes are usually made of round, flat metal sheets. Drill holes for pipe ends in precise locations and patterns relative to each other. The tube plate is made of the same range of materials as the pipe.
These are usually made of mild steel and vary in thickness according to fluid pressure. Depending on the final application (petrochemical, nuclear, oil and gas, etc.), the tubes can be clad in stainless steel or other superalloys, or even made entirely of stainless steel or superalloys.
Tube Sheet,Boiler Tube Sheet,Floating Tubesheet,Exchanger Tube Sheet Guangdong Jiema Energy Saving Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.jiemaheatexchanger.com
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] In 2016, China's agricultural green development started steadily, and the concept of green development has become more and more popular among people. The background of agricultural development is greener. The total amount of agricultural water used is controlled at 372 billion cubic meters, and water conservation has taken an important step. In 2016, the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water exceeded 0.53, and the total amount of agricultural water was effectively controlled. The initial results were achieved in breaking the bottleneck of water shortage in China's agricultural development.
Water saving takes an important step. The “background†of agricultural development is greener.
Among them, the project water-saving, technical water-saving, dry farming and water conservation have been solidly promoted, and the newly-added water-saving irrigation area is over 20 million mu. The cumulative application area of ​​national water-saving agricultural technology is over 400 million mu, and the natural precipitation utilization rate reaches 60%.
The use of pesticides remained at around 300,000 tons (100%) and continued to maintain zero growth. Among them, the three major food crops implemented a specialized unified control area of ​​1.4 billion mu, and the coverage rate of specialized pest control was 35.5%, up 2.8 percentage points over the previous year; crops, vegetables, fruit trees, tea and other crops were green. The application area of ​​prevention and control technology exceeded 500 million mu, and the green prevention and control coverage rate of major crop pests and diseases reached 25.2%, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year.
The use of chemical fertilizers is about 60 million tons (purified), which is close to zero growth. This is close to zero growth since the reform and opening up, and some places even achieved negative growth. Among them, the national soil testing and fertilization technology application area is nearly 1.6 billion mu, the mechanical fertilization area is more than 800 million mu, the straw returning area is more than 800 million mu, the organic fertilizer application area is 380 million mu, and the green fertilizer planting area is about 48 million mu.
The utilization rates of the three types of agricultural wastes all reached more than 60%, and the trend of increasing the pollution of non-point sources gradually eased. The comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure has reached more than 60%. Straw resources fertilizer, feed, raw materials, base materials and fuelization have been comprehensively promoted, and the comprehensive utilization rate has reached 82%. The operational mechanism of standardized and classified collection of agricultural residual film, large-scale transshipment, specialization, and commercial application was initially constructed, and the recovery rate of agricultural film reached 60%.
The pilot project of arable land rotation was 6.16 million mu, and substantial progress was made in agricultural recuperation. In 2016, 5 million mu of rotation trials were carried out in the northeast cold-storage area and the northern farming-pastoral area, and 1.16 million mu of fallow pilots were implemented in the groundwater funnel area, heavy metal contaminated areas and ecologically degraded areas, and the black land degradation in Northeast China and heavy metal pollution in the south. The aggravating trend of over-exposure problems such as over-exploitation of groundwater in North China has been effectively curbed, and the strategy of “grabbing grain in the land†has been effectively implemented.