Under the consensus of the whole society to control pollution and anti-pollution, China's motor vehicle exhaust gas detection, which should have become the key link of supervision, has been chaotic, and some insiders have even criticized it as "essentially out of control." Among them, the detection equipment that does not conform to the standard non-conformity is generally a major "hard injury". "The purpose of motor vehicle environmental protection testing is to find high-pollution vehicles. The premise of achieving this goal is that the testing should be standardized and standard. But unfortunately, due to the lack of supervision in all aspects, coupled with some interests, the testing equipment is made. There are a lot of problems in itself," said Han Yingjian, a researcher at the former Ministry of Environmental Protection's Vehicle Emissions Monitoring Center.
Hardware without threshold software
In the interview, the reporter learned that the testing organization is “miscellaneous, chaotic, and multi-”, the testing equipment is not reliable, and the testing procedures are not standardized, resulting in the current two links in the new car (before sale) and in-use (after sale) exhaust gas detection. There are a lot of fraudulent behaviors. The limits of motor vehicle testing methods and testing standards are not uniform, and the new vehicle emission standard limits are more than 20 times different from the applicable emission standards.
As early as 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Protection conducted inspections on nearly 1,000 motor vehicle environmental inspection agencies nationwide, and identified more than 200 violations of laws and regulations and irregular inspections. The Ministry of Environmental Protection subsequently issued a document stating that “Some areas of motor vehicle environmental protection periodic inspection work exposed problems such as non-standard inspection procedures, poor reliability of testing equipment, and low technical level of practitioners. In some areas, even negligence and fraud were caused, which seriously affected motor vehicles. The implementation effect of pollution prevention policy measures."
The retired researcher Han Yingjian participated in the inspection that year. "The information at the time, I still keep it, some problems still exist today." The most prominent problem is that although the vehicle exhaust gas detection equipment has relevant technical standards, these The standard is a recommended standard and is not mandatory, thus making the market access of the testing equipment virtually ineffective.
"If it can't be enforced, there is no barrier to entry for the metering equipment, which is equivalent to no standard." Han Yingjian said without hesitation. “Therefore, there have been a large number of market prices that continue to drive down the price of equipment and compete for the market at the lowest price.”
The environmental inspection agency not only has problems with hardware such as equipment, but also has more serious software fraud problems. Since the detection and control software is developed by each equipment manufacturer, “in order to meet the needs of the inspection agency to recruit the owner, the equipment manufacturer can arbitrarily debug the operation software. The standard is low and the height is high.” After the software fraud, the vehicle is equipped with exhaust gas purification. The catalysts and test data are almost the same; the test results are almost the same when driving 30,000 kilometers and driving 250,000 kilometers. ”
"Detection equipment problems make the vehicle test results 'discounted', many high-emission vehicles are therefore lucky to pass the test." Han Yingjian said, "the number of high-emission vehicles is a small number, but the proportion of emissions pollution is large, thus affecting and dragging the air improvement. What is even worse is that the green light of the unqualified testing equipment has caused the vicious circle of vehicle exhaust gas detection equipment and test data in China to fall into long-term fraud.
National standards are not mandatory
Key indicators are not tested
Accurate exhaust gas detection equipment is an important technical measure to accurately detect the amount of vehicle emissions. However, there are no regulations and means for the measurement and verification of vehicle exhaust gas detection equipment in China. On the surface, there are many regulatory standards for exhaust gas detection and many regulatory links. In fact, the regulatory standards are disorderly. In particular, national standards that are not enforced cannot form effective regulation.
It is understood that the state implements a manufacturing license system and a quantitative inspection degree for the legally-managed measuring instruments. China's measurement method requires that the exhaust gas testing equipment must obtain a manufacturing license. However, the statutory national Catalogue of Measuring Instruments does not include exhaust gas testing equipment, including only analytical equipment for testing equipment. Some regular exhaust gas detection equipment companies believe that "this is abandonment of supervision from the source of production."
When the local environmental protection department conducts the inspection and acceptance of the environmental inspection agency, it mainly pays attention to the problems of the site, personnel, qualification materials, etc. The content of the equipment assessment is small, and the quality of the inspection data cannot be assessed. Dr. Yao Shengzhuo, School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing Jianzhu University, has been engaged in research on environmental protection testing methods for motor vehicles for many years. He said that at present, there are four main types of vehicle exhaust detection methods in China, namely, double idle speed method, steady state working condition method, simple working condition method and transient working condition method, among which the simple working condition method is the most advanced.
Dr. Yao Shengzhuo told the "Economic Information Daily" reporter that at present, due to the national standard for exhaust gas detection equipment (GB18285-2005) "Small transient operating conditions for gasoline vehicles" and the Ministry of Environmental Protection (HJ/T290-2006) The technical requirements for the vehicle's simple transient condition method exhaust pollutant measuring equipment are not enforced. The only metrological verification institutions entrusted by the local quality supervision bureaus are the local metrology research institutes. Their technical assessment contents of the testing equipment are generally separated from the above. The technical specifications in the standard require even the “contaminant emission quality mg/s” (mg/s) flow test to be changed to the diluted oxygen concentration test”, for variable load loading, response time, loading error, consistency, pressure Key indicators such as temperature and flow repeatability are not tested at all. "This has enabled the exhaust gas detection and counterfeit exhaust gas detection equipment to be cleared frequently, and it has been able to successfully obtain the exhaust gas test "Metrics Verification Certificate".
“The national use of simple working conditions method has more than 4,000 sets of equipment for detecting exhaust emissions in vehicles, but 90% is a patchwork of counterfeit and shoddy technology, and the error of detection data is as high as 30% or more.” National Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention and Control Committee Director and the chairman of the Zhongguancun Air Pollution Prevention and Control Alliance Council, Yan Lanqing, said that there are widespread supervisions in the detection of motor vehicle exhaust gas in various parts of China, and the detection mechanism is a fake cheating phenomenon, so that the vehicle exhaust gas detection is in the form.
Yan Yanqing showed the reporter a form of self-examination of the 647 testing line equipment of 183 testing institutions in Shandong Province in 2014. According to the results of this self-examination, in addition to Beijing Jinxixing Technology Co., Ltd. and Foshan Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd., the testing equipment of the Shandong Provincial Environmental Inspection Agency is patchwork, with a ratio of 95%. Yan Lanqing said that the problem of this piece of equipment is "very common" in domestic environmental inspection agencies.
"Three is not a red top institution"
Monopoly measurement certification market
The Zhongguancun Air Pollution Prevention and Control Alliance consists of enterprises and experts in four fields: motor vehicle, industry, dust, and pollution prevention and control. The investigation of the Zhongguancun Air Pollution Prevention and Control Alliance found that the collusion of the metrology certification agencies is the crux of the general fraud of the environmental inspection equipment. These institutions monopolize the market, and their certification fraud has derived a series of fraudulent behaviors such as vehicle exhaust gas detection production equipment and test reports.
Yan Lanqing called these measurement certification bodies "three are not red top institutions." "They are not government agencies, not professional institutions for technical research, and are not legally responsible for behavioral responsibilities. But these institutions can participate in policy making, authoritative review of technology, and market regulatory control."
Yan Yanqing believes that to break the monopoly of testing and certification institutions, we should speed up the development of third-party inspection and testing certification services, so that different ownership inspection and testing institutions can participate in market competition on an equal footing. The technical assessment report and test report of each link shall be publicly disclosed to the public, and subject to social supervision, so that the exhaust gas test data is true and effective.
In response to the chaos in the automobile exhaust gas detection market, many experts suggested that the inspection equipment should be thoroughly inspected. The metrology and environmental protection departments must entrust professional technical institutions to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the testing equipment technology, which is inconsistent with national standards and test data errors greater than 10%. The device should be prohibited from detecting. At the same time, the relevant departments should change the supervision of the environmental inspection agency to the supervision of the quality of the inspection data. The production inspection equipment needs to obtain the Manufacturing Measurement Instruments License (CMC) to ensure the quality of the testing equipment; Laboratory Qualification (CMA) to ensure data quality.
Yao Shengzhuo suggested that the key areas in the country should unify the exhaust gas detection methods, accelerate the formulation, supplement and revision of relevant standards, regulations, procedures and technical requirements, and develop new methods, new technologies and new equipment for exhaust gas emission testing and verification.
Last year, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments issued the Notice on Strengthening the Comprehensive Plan for Accelerating the Prevention and Control of Motor Vehicle Pollution by the "Car Oil Road". It is required to carry out special rectification of environmental protection inspection agencies from 2015, and conduct comprehensive verification of all inspection agencies, and falsify, The motor vehicle exhaust gas detection agency that neglects its duties shall be punished according to the law according to the rules, and shall be included in the blacklist management and announced to the public.

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