Due to the frequent climate change in early spring, we should pay attention to the prevention of adverse weather such as late spring, continuous low temperature, rain, low light and high humidity in the production of vegetables and fruits. We should do a good job in wintering and exposed winter vegetable management in greenhouses, and at the same time, select good seeds for timely sowing and cultivation. Seedlings and suitable period transplanting.
Strengthen the greenhouse winter vegetable management temperature and humidity, light management greenhouses attention to insulation and ventilation and humidity. Ventilation and ventilation in time during the day, increase light, night insulation and cold. Greenhouses can be covered with multiple layers in a shed and a shed. In particular, it is necessary to prevent cold and late spring damage. In the event of a sudden drop in temperature, multiple layers of insulation and other emergency measures shall be used. The inner cover must be uncovered and grounded to increase the lighting as much as possible. In case of continuous low temperature and rainy days, we must use light at high temperatures at noon to prevent light from crops and prevent photosynthesis. The shed is covered with a full mulch to reduce the humidity in the shed. The humidity in the rainy weather shelter is relatively large, and the ditch and the canal should be cleared in time to eliminate the water accumulation in the field and reduce the groundwater level and the humidity in the greenhouse in the greenhouse. In particular, it is necessary to prevent rainwater from pouring into the greenhouse and causing waterlogging in the field. If necessary, dry straw or hay ash can be covered in the sheds, middle ditch, and gorge.
Fertilizer and water management The management of vegetable fertilizers in greenhouses should follow the principles of “balanced fertilization, adequate base fertilizer application, organic fertilizer application, and reasonable fertilizer application”. According to the soil fertility status and the law of crop growth and demand, balanced fertilization should be applied, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers should be used in a reasonable manner. No single or excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers. In the early spring, the water management in the low temperature period grasps the principle of “appropriate quantity, timely soil, no white water, no water, no water to be poured”. Watering should be selected on the sunny day with the same warm water, avoid cold water, and timely ventilation and humidity, to prevent excessive humidity after the shed water, reduce the greenhouse and soil temperature, affecting plant growth. When the temperature is gradually increased, the plants set fruit and began to harvest, the water should be re-fertilized. To achieve a small number of times, generally based on different crops, Mushi Sanyuan compound fertilizer 10 to 15 kg or urea 5 to 8 kg, potassium sulfate 5 kg. The top dressing can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizers, and carbon dioxide can be applied under certain conditions. The use of drip irrigation pipes for irrigation and water irrigation, compared with irrigation, furrow irrigation or flood irrigation, can save water and save water, reduce greenhouse humidity, reduce disease occurrence, significantly improve plant yield and product quality.
Pruning (hanging vines) The vines were selected to be pruned timely when the humidity was low, and the old yellow leaves were removed to increase the ventilation and light transmission and reduce the incidence. Hanging vines should be carried out in the sunny afternoon and it is not easy to hurt the vines.
Freezing and pollination pollen in the low temperature period, tomato, eggplant, etc. Application of "falling material" to promote fruit setting. The melons can be applied to flower stalks, ovary, or spray flowers to promote parthenocarpy. After the temperature rises, artificial pollination should be carried out when pumpkins, gourds, and melons have pollen, improving the fruit setting rate and commercial quality.
Pest control mainly controls diseases such as gray mold, leaf mold, downy mildew, and bacterial leaf spot. Select counterpart pesticides, spray control in sunny days, use fumigants for rainy days, and pay attention to melon crops.
Timely harvested Po, early pumpkins and other melons should be based on plant growth, root melons harvested in advance, the red tomatoes can be harvested after cooked, overwintering eggplant should also be properly harvested earlier.
Appropriate sowing and timely transplanting First, according to the consumption habits, market conditions and facilities or open, high mountains and other different cultivation conditions, as appropriate, select the appropriate fine varieties. Such as cucumber can use "Jinyou", "Jinchun" series; pumpkin selection "Jin Li", "Cui Li 1"; loofah selection of "Zhesi No. 1", "long loofah"; winter melon selected "black melon "General" melon melon. The peppers use "Zi Li" and "Red Sky Lake 203"; Tomatoes use "Bai Li", "Zhe Za205", "Hang Za 1"; eggplant use "Hang Su Tong" and "Yuan Su". The legumes were selected from the group consisting of Green Dragon No.1, Black Pearl, White Pearl, and Saffron White Clam. The dwarf green bean varieties included “Nippon Non-glutenous ground bean” and “Taiwan Green No. 2”. "81-6", "805", etc.; cowpea varieties have "High Yield No. 8", "Yang Bai 40", etc. Watermelon chooses "Good Morning 84-24", "Lifang", "Rose Spring Red Jade", "Getting "Bit", "Huangrou Gets Bit", "Xiaofang", "Zhemi 5", etc.; melons use "Yugu", "red heart is brittle." Other varieties are "New White Jade Spring Radish", "Jinjin", "Spring" spring cabbage, "Chang Yue", "Changbo", "Akihiko", "Yuanzang" green onions and so on.
The second is timely sowing of seedlings. Greenhouse melon vegetables should be seized with good time seedlings, using multi-storage greenhouses, heating devices such as electric heating, equipped with temperature control, insulation, cold, catch the fine weather, timely planting seedlings, fight for a broadcast of seedlings, nurturing seedlings .
From the middle or late February, double membranes cover melons, beans, vegetables, and soy vegetables in greenhouses. Spring radish in greenhouses and Chinese cabbage in spring should also be planted in batches in batches. Low temperature season seedlings, seedbed temperature grasp the "two high and two low" principle, that is, seedlings before the exhumation to maximize the seedbed temperature, the suitable temperature is generally 28 ~ 32 °C. Should be closely covered, fully see the light during the day to improve the bed temperature, cover the insulation at night, so that the seedlings quickly and neatly, the seedlings unearthed in a timely manner to remove the film or broken film. The “hat” seedlings should be manually removed in time. After the emergence of the first true leaf to start, appropriately lower seedbed temperature, night 15 ~ 18 °C, to prevent the seedlings leggy forming "high foot seedlings." The true leaf is unfolded until the week before transplanting, and the temperature is appropriately increased to accelerate seedling growth.
Planting seedlings a week before planting, with daytime temperature controlled at 25°C, nighttime bed temperature controlled at about 18°C, proper ventilation and hardening of seedlings at high temperatures, ventilation volume should be increased from small to large and gradually increased, and the temperature and membrane ventilation should be gradually reduced. In order to improve adaptability and stress resistance, the seedlings are made to be robust, and attention is paid to the control of diseases such as damping-off, damping-off, rooting, and epidemics at the seedling stage.
The third is timely transplant planting. After the temperature has gradually increased, solanaceous fruits and melons and vegetables can be transplanted in batches in batches. To catch the fine weather, apply enough basal fertilizer to make earthworms and increase the temperature. Transplanting and planting in time, pouring thin roots of fertilizer and water, immediately covering the plastic film and take a small shed to cover the insulation, after planting closed shed 3 to 5 days, to promote the slow seedlings, postemergence as the weather changes to do a good job in ventilation and cover film management.
Double-membrane-covered cultivation of solanaceous vegetables, melons and other thermophilic vegetables generally takes place in mid-March and the ground temperature is stable above 12°C. Film-covered solanaceous vegetables are generally transplanted from late March to early April. Legumes are broadcast live from mid-March to early April. After transplanting or sowing 7 to 10 days, check the seedlings to make up the seedlings, combine the cultivating and weeding, and apply the seedlings for 1 to 2 times, and do a good job of pest control.
Strengthening the cultivation and management of open-air vegetables The main wintering vegetables in open fields are mustard, shiitake, cabbage, greens, radish, broccoli, and broccoli, which are the main varieties that guarantee the supply of vegetables during the current spring and April spring.
The first is to do a clean ditch drainage. Since the beginning of spring, the weather has become warmer and there has been an increase in rainwater. In terms of management, we must first prevent waterlogging in the fields.
The second is to prevent cold and frost. In case of severe cold weather, the emergency surface can be covered with straw, shade nets, etc. to prevent freezing and freezing.
The third is to strengthen fertilizer and water management. After the warmer weather in late February, cabbage, broccoli, etc. must be top-dressed in a timely manner to promote the main and promote the end. In particular, during the expansion of the ball, it is necessary to re-apply water, in combination with cultivating and weeding. General mu compound fertilizer 15 kg plus urea 8 kg, to promote flower ball expansion. In order to prevent hollow stems and shoots, 15 to 20 days before budding, 16% of liquid boron fertilizer was sprayed 2 to 3 times for 2 to 3 times for foliar dressing. Mustard generally use 25 kg of urea per mu, 12.5 kg of potassium chloride, add water to apply, or 30 kg of compound fertilizer, applied to the interline, avoid withdrawal, so as not to burn the leaves and tumor stems caused by damage. Not only a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to prevent the injuring of mustard hollows. Conditionally suitable plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol can be sprayed to increase the economic output and reduce the hollowness.
The fourth is disease prevention and pest control. The humidity in the field is too large, and vegetables in open field are prone to diseases such as black spot and white rust. In the early stage of black spot disease, 50% carbendazim WP can be used 600 to 800 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be sprayed 600 times. The agent for preventing white rust can be selected from 80% to 800 times of mancozeb 500 to 800 times or 25% to 100 grams (prochloraz) 1000 to 1500 times. Prevention of soft rot can be applied at the beginning of the disease by spraying 20% ​​bronchospirillum (Toxicillin copper) 500-600 times or 100,000 units per kilogram of agricultural streptomycin, or 70% mancozeb WP 500 liquid spray , continuous spray treatment 2 to 3 times. If there are locusts, they can be treated with 25% of 10% pyrethrin or 5% fipronil (fipronil).
The fifth is timely harvesting to prevent bolting and flowering affecting yield and quality. According to the market demand, the listed companies will be timely harvested in batches. Varieties such as broccoli and broccoli are closely packed, solid, dark green, and small in size. When a single flower ball reaches the standard weight (due to its variety), it is suitable for harvesting. It should be harvested before 10 o'clock in the morning on sunny days. It will not be collected on rainy days. Since the temperature is high after mid-to-late April, the harvest season of the vegetables is short and timely harvesting is required. In particular, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, etc. must be prevented from flowering and affect commercial properties. Mustard bulbs must be harvested in time. Normal climate years are usually harvested at the end of March and early April. Early harvesting is low, but when it is too late, the outer skin is old, the fibers are numerous, and the hollow rate is high. Labor must be arranged properly, sunny harvesting, and root removal. , leaves, go to miscellaneous and timely sale.

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