Activator mechanism

The role of the activator in flotation is to promote the action of minerals and collectors , or to eliminate inhibitory agents. The mechanism of activation is as follows:

1. A suppressing film that dissolves the surface of the mineral and hinders the action of the collector Â Â As basic iron hydroxide films severely oxidized pulp of pyrite surface is suppressed after the role hindered collector film, with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid as activating agent, the iron hydroxide film to dissolve, and easy to re-expose The new surface of iron sulphide, which acts as a yellow drug, is beneficial to the recovery of pyrite by pyruvate.

2. Due to the chemical reaction of exchange adsorption or displacement, a sparingly soluble activated film is formed on the surface of the mineral. Â Â The activation of copper sulfate on uninhibited through the sphalerite is due to the Cu ²⁺ sulfate sphalerite lattice Zn ²⁺ displacement reaction occurs:

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â ZnS ã€• ZnS + CuSO ₄ = ZnS ã€• CuS + ZnSO ₄

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Sphalerite Â Copper sulphide

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â thin Â membrane

As a result, a layer of easily floatable copper sulfide film is formed on the surface of the sphalerite, which has similar buoyancy to copper blue.

Another example is sodium sulphide as an activator of copper oxide ore, which forms a copper sulfide film on the surface of the oxidized ore. The film is similar in floatability to sulfide ore. Sulfation reaction of sodium sulfide to malachite :

Â CuCO ₃ Â· Cu(OH) ₂ ] CuCO ₃ Â· Cu(OH) ₂ +2Na ₂ S

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Malachite surface

= CuCO ₃ Â· Cu(OH) ₂ ] 2CuS + 2NaOH + Na ₂ CO ₃

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â malachite Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Copper sulfide film

3. Eliminate the influence of inhibitory ions in the slurry Â Â Such as copper sulphate Cu ²⁺ , it will precipitate or complex the inhibitory CN ^- , SO ₃ ^2- plasma in the slurry, and then form activating film on the mineral surface.

4. Ion activation Â Â Some minerals do not interact with the collector, but after adsorbing certain ions on their surface, they can also act with the collector to cause flotation. Quartz , such as activated by calcium ions, can be floated by fatty acids:

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â SiO ₂ ] ^- H ⁺ +Ca ²⁺ = SiO ₂ ] ^- Ca ²⁺ +H ⁺

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â SiO ₂ ] ^- Ca ²⁺ + C ₁₂ H ₂₅ COO ^- = SiO ₂ ] ^- Ca(C ₁₂ H ₂₅ COO) ⁺

As the concentration of active ions increases, the amount of adsorbent on the surface of the mineral increases, the adhesion is more stable, and the flotation recovery rate also increases.

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