China's resource industry chain and structure status

Antimony as a non-renewable rare metals, precious strategic resource reserves is also competing in various countries, is increasingly valued and protected by the state, it was listed as the implementation of specific minerals protective mining and smelting. China's reserves, production and exports are the highest in the world, accounting for 70%, 84% and 90% of the world's total, respectively, and it is fully conditional to influence the prices of international markets. However, since the 1980s, China's plutonium production has far exceeded consumer demand in most cases, and the price of plutonium has been low, resulting in the rapid and cheap loss of a large number of plutonium resources. However, the current resource industry chain and its structural status still restrict the development of the industry.

First, the status quo of China's 锑 resources and industrial chain.

China is one of the countries with the most abundant resources. The total reserves of base metals are about 2.8 million tons, accounting for more than 50% of the world's total reserves. There are 117 mining areas with proven reserves in the country, mainly distributed in Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangdong provinces. Among them, Guangxi accounts for 41.8% of the country's reserves, and Hunan accounts for 18.7% of the country's reserves.

At present, the consumption rate of China's antimony ore reserves is far greater than the growth rate of recoverable reserves, and the situation is worrying. With the consumption of super-large ore fields in Hunan tin mines for decades, the advantages of high-quality and large-scale brilliance mines in China are disappearing.

According to the product flow, the industrial chain can be divided into mining links, smelting production links and export sales links. Mining over-exploitation and predatory mining have long existed. In the late 1970s, China's sputum production was only 20,000 tons. In 1994, it rose to 91,000 tons, and in 1995-1997, the output was more than 120,000 tons for three consecutive years. From 1998 to 1999, China’s plutonium production remained at around 80,000 tons in the absence of cost. Refining and processing capacity is also blind expansion, especially in addition to application technology lead in Guangxi jamesonite ore in the smelting greatly reduced cost, yield and price competitiveness of Guangxi antimony rapid growth of antimony can cause Supply exceeds market demand. Due to the rapid expansion of smelting and processing capacity, it has brought considerable pressure to the export sales chain and confusion of export order. According to statistics, in recent years, the demand for antimony products in the international market is around 100,000 tons, and the domestic market demand is about 15,000 tons. More than 85% of the products need to be sold to the international market. Therefore, every year, China needs to export a large amount of refined antimony and antimony oxide. To alleviate the serious contradiction between domestic production and demand.

In recent years, between the mining process and the smelting production process, a deformed link has also emerged, that is, an independent mineral processing enterprise or a mineral processing enterprise. It does not have its own mines, invests very little equipment, specializes in the acquisition of ore sands, and after mineral processing, it transfers its concentrates to smelting enterprises, which divert illegally mined mineral sands into legal channels. The existence of independent mineral processing enterprises makes it difficult to prohibit people's mining and smuggling, and should be banned as soon as possible.

According to estimates, about 20,000 to 30,000 tons of counterfeit goods are smuggled and exported every year in China; the international market is hit, and the price of antimony continues to be low. This not only wastes the country's precious resources, but also causes losses in mining, smelting and trading enterprises. The entire industry is in trouble.

Second, the market structure and product structure status.

Flame retardants are the largest field of antimony applications, accounting for about 70% of the world's total consumption. In developed countries such as Japan and the United States, the application in the flame retardant market is as high as 80% to 90%, while in China it is only about 5%. At present, there are several unfavorable factors in the market structure of counterfeit products: First, the domestic market is extremely narrow, and the consumption structure is obviously different from that of developed countries. The flame retardant application market lacks cultivation; second, a large number of primary processed products are cheaply exported, which wastes valuable. Resources have left the three waste pollution in the country; third, the product structure is unreasonable. The production of 锑 primary products, exceeding market capacity, increasing production and not increasing value, blind competition among enterprises, competing in the market to sell, mutual price reduction, and even a small number of enterprises and dealers illegally smuggled exports, hit the international market, causing devaluation The result of the plunge is that China’s embarrassing enterprises are damaged, and developed countries have deep-processed imported primary products into high-value-added flame retardants and catalysts, which are sold to resource countries to obtain maximum profits and occupy high-end products. These unfavorable factors have affected the development of deep processing of defective products in China.

According to China Customs statistics, China's counterfeit products have been dominated by primary processed products for many years. Jingjing and cerium oxide account for about 90% of the total exports of refined products, and the share of refined exports has also expanded. Although the varieties of Chinese antimony products have been gradually diversified in recent years, a series of high-value-added deep-processed products such as high-purity antimony oxide, sodium antimonate, antimony pentoxide, antimony acetate and nano-scale antimony oxide have entered the market. However, the proportion of deep-processed products in export products is not enough to explain the obvious changes in product structure.

Many of the deep processing products of 锑 involve multidisciplinary fields such as chemical, fire, military, textile, paper, and electronic materials, many of which are cross-cutting areas. At present, most production companies are unable to develop and research, and national research centers have not yet been established in China.

In summary, China's 锑 industry's resource consumption is too fast, the total production is too large, the product structure is irrational, smuggling and repeated prohibitions and other issues restrict the sustainable development of China's 锑 industry. Vigorously developing China's industrial chain and industrial structure, and establishing a national-level rare metal research center will be able to effectively increase the utilization rate of China's own resources, rather than simply exporting primary products, so as to better control the international market. It can effectively prevent the massive loss of 锑 resources.

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