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Mechanization of corn production refers to the use of mechanical operations in all aspects of corn production, including ploughing, sowing, fertilizing, plant protection, cultivating, harvesting, and drying. Comprehensive calculation of the degree of mechanization of corn production, and the average single-item level reached more than 85% - 90% is known as the realization of full mechanization of corn production. Maize planting in Laizhou, Shandong province has long been mechanized in terms of cultivation, planting, management, and collection. In the past two years, new varieties of corn suitable for grain direct harvest have been cultivated through technological innovation, policy guidance, and reform of the agricultural machinery supply side. The maize harvested grain and used a dryer to allow the corn to go directly into the warehouse, so that the entire mechanization of corn production in Laizhou had a qualitative improvement.
Grain Sorting Achieves "Automation and Intelligence"
Working 24 hours a day, the corn grain sorting accuracy rate reaches 95%. How can this impossible task be accomplished? The author came to the Shandong Denghai Seed Breeding and Breeding Laboratory in Sanshandao Street, Laizhou City, Shandong Province. Here, no manual work can be seen, only the humming of the machine's work.
"These two machines are our 'workers', not to mention they are small, but they are quite powerful. For example, it is equivalent to the hospital's 'nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus'." Deputy Dean of Denghai Seeds High-Tech Academy Liu Jinguo put the seeds into the machine and set up the program on the computer. In just eight minutes, the corn kernels flowed out through the two plastic tubes under the machine. "You see, this is the seed we need, and the other is sorted out. It can be said that all of it has been automated and intelligent." It is understood that this is the 2015 introduction of Denghai Seed Industry from the United States and China Agricultural University. The induction rate of haploid induction lines, using magnetic resonance haploid particle sizer, accelerated the speed of single-doubled sports species, and established an inbred breeding system based on double haploids. “In the past, sorting this work required manual operation. Now it saves 5-6 labors. It can work 24 hours a day and the sorting accuracy rate is over 95%.†Liu Jinguo said.
In recent years, Denghai Seed Industry has invested more than 15 million yuan in the purchase of haploid seed automatic selection NMR, corn breeding data management systems, automatic test equipment, community planter, community harvesters and other advanced equipment at home and abroad. Hainan strengthened investment in the construction of a breeding base, invested in the research and development center of Denghai Seed Industry and planned to establish a key laboratory in Qingdao, and established a high-standard germplasm resource bank in Laizhou. At the same time, it relied on pilot stations and sub-branches throughout the country. More than 200 standardized test sites have been established. Scale, standardization, simplification, mechanization, technology optimization and integration, focusing on the promotion of new varieties suitable for full mechanized production, so that the full mechanization of corn production start from the "buds."
According to reports, corn that is suitable for grain harvesting must be early-maturing varieties with early maturity and low water content. The two major seed industries in Laizhou, Denghai 618, and Jinhai 111, a new early-maturing variety of Jinhai, are suitable for early grain harvesting due to rapid dehydration of the ear. This year, the planting area of ​​corn suitable for direct grain harvesting in Laizhou reached 15 Million acres.
Grain Harvest Takes "Key Steps"
According to the climate characteristics, Laizhou promotes timely and late harvesting of corn every year, while late harvesting technology is the key to ensuring grain recovery.
Only when fully mature, corn has the largest grain weight and highest yield. According to statistics, from the beginning of the waxing of corn to the ripening period, the grain will increase 3-4 grams per kilogram of grain per night and increase grain yield by 5-7 kilograms per kilogram. The grain filling period can be extended to more than 50 days by 10 days of late harvest. The yield increase of mu can reach more than 50kg. In addition, the delayed harvest of maize kernels is plump, uniform, small-grained, pod-grain-reduced, the grain moisture content is low, the protein content is high, the commodity is good, and it is also convenient for grain recovery and threshing storage.
In recent years, a large number of new types of corn harvesters, such as corn stripping devices, and grain harvesting, are being used by more and more Laizhou aircraft operators, along with the implementation of subsidies for the retirement of agricultural machinery and the promotion and application of multi-functional corn harvesters. Since the beginning of last year, the level of corn harvesting in Laizhou has approached the wheat harvest level, and the “one-stop†operation has been universally popularized and applied.
The corn grain harvesting technology can complete such steps as corn harvesting, pulling stems, picking, conveying, threshing, cleaning, net seeding, and unloading of grain, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of farmers. This year, the Weisong Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Zhuwang Village, Laizhou City, was identified as a full-scale demonstration base for mechanized corn production. On the basis of advancement of mechanization techniques such as tillage, planting, harvesting, and harvesting, it focused on solving the corn grain harvesting mechanization technology, demonstrating and promoting drying. Dry mechanization technology.
"The current technology is advanced. Last year I just saw a corn harvester with a peeling function. This year, we have a grain direct machine. It's really a good thing to put away corn. You see, our cooperatives have invested more than 300,000 yuan to introduce a new one. The Changyou Jialian CF809 corn grain harvester adopts a longitudinal full single axial flow threshing separation mechanism. The axial flow roller adopts blade feeding, longitudinal inclined position, soft threshing, complete separation, low crushing rate and up to 10 kinds of drum rotation speed. It greatly enhances the threshing and separating ability of different crops and the same crop in different conditions. It can either harvest corn grain or harvest rice.†Touching his beloved machine, Yang Weisong has full confidence in harvesting corn kernels.
At the same time, the Laizhou Agricultural Machinery Department, in conjunction with local farmers' cultivation habits, has refitted the Changfa Jialian Combine Harvester, which has been introduced, and has repeatedly adjusted it to make it more suitable for local operations. Compared with the past picking mechanical harvesting and artificial harvesting, the mechanical advantage is very obvious: no need to harvest, one-off cutting, conveying, threshing, cleaning, grain collection and five processes, reducing labor costs; after threshing Corn kernels are complete, non-broken, clean, and less contaminated.
The intervention of corn grain harvesters has brought good news to more than 200 corn seed companies and growers in Laizhou. Farmers generally believe that mechanical properties are good, adaptable, and highly automated. They can completely liberate the labor force and free people from past artificial or semi-artificially harvested corn, greatly improving production efficiency.
At present, the Agricultural Machinery Department of Laizhou combines agricultural machinery innovation demonstration project construction, giving full play to the model of agricultural machinery cooperatives to promote the use of radiation, with a combination of points, face, face and face, full bloom. Through corn and grain harvesters at different levels in cities and towns, we will observe the meeting and further expand the application of demonstration and promotion effects to promote the mechanization of corn production in Laizhou.
Drying open and full mechanized "last mile"
With the development of corn breeding technology, in recent years, the direct harvesting of maize seeds in Laizhou has come into sight. However, after the grain is harvested, drying has become the biggest problem. Therefore, the increasing popularity of grain dryers will be the key to opening up the last “kilometer†of mechanization of corn.
Yang Weisong said that their cooperatives have transferred nearly 1,500 mu of cultivated land and planted corn and wheat. “The cost of planting corn is too high, especially for our large-scale growers. With more than 1,500 acres of corn, only 70 acres of land will be needed for the drying field. The cost is too high. The most daunting thing is that the price of new corn has just been listed. The highest, in accordance with the sale habits of ordinary farmers, the more cheap the corn is."
In the harvest season, Yang Weisong is both sweet and distressed in the face of mountainous corn. “To fully realize the mechanized harvesting of corn, it is necessary to put on the corn drying equipment. The entire chain is indispensable. It is suitable for direct grain variety. , Pelletizers, dryers, etc. are all linked together, and follow-up services can keep pace with the better liberation of labor, efficiency and quality of corn."
"Fortunately, to catch up with the state subsidies for grain dryers, last year, I purchased a dryer through subsidies, and the processing capacity was batch processing of 12 tons of grain. Normal moisture, if kept running 24 hours a day, It can dry nearly 36 tons of grain.With this drying machine, not only we can use cooperatives, we can also carry out food drying and socialization services, implement the 'food bank' and 'receive and pay for storage' models, and implement order drying. We will carry out food drying value-added services, explore the business model of unified drying, processing, storage and sales after food production, and extend the agricultural industry chain, said Yang Weisong.
Corn kernels are not stored for as long as corn cobs and must be stored dry as soon as possible, otherwise they will be mildewed. It is imminent to open up the last kilometer of mechanized corn.
“At present, people’s awareness of environmental protection has been significantly enhanced. Therefore, I’ve purchased a grain dryer using fuel as raw material this year. It uses hot air to enhance the grain process. It is extremely efficient and can take off 3 moisture in an hour. The common grain dryer is more than three times functional, and it can not only dry corn, wheat, millet and all kinds of beans, but also the most important thing is that the drying quality is first-rate, and the food drying machine ends the food in the drying process. Due to the history of mechanical damage, corn mechanical pellets were directly dried after being dried, which not only reduced the loss caused by drying, but also greatly reduced the labor cost, and increased the selling price of corn to a certain extent.†Laizhou Liangfeng Agricultural Machinery Cooperative Director Wang Mingtao has a soft spot for this year's newly installed 30-ton grain drying equipment.
Yang Zu-han, the family farmer of Zhuwang Village, said: “The most desired species of corn is harvesting, and it is most afraid of harvesting. We are tired and do not live. The price is the highest when corn is harvested. We are unable to form a commodity for sale. Sanqiu's busy season, closing corn, collecting peanuts and harvesting apples all accumulate together. I plant 900 mu of corn each year. I'm afraid that there is no place for cool sunshine in Tianyin. Now we have a corn dryer installed in our village, which has solved the problem. We are very urgent for these large grain producers."
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It is understood that Laizhou City, Shandong Province has been promoting the entire mechanization of corn production. The “seed automation†and “intelligence†were achieved by grain sorting. Grain harvesting took a “key stepâ€, and the entire last mechanized “last mile†was completed through drying. From last year, the corn “one-stop†operation was universally promoted. application.