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   First, the type of equipment and its choice
The orbital combined salt mining machine is a kind of equipment for continuous mining of water based on the characteristics of water filling of mineral deposits. It travels back and forth on a track parallel to the slope of the step, and can complete a complete set of production processes such as salt cover stripping, salt layer loosening, salt and brine mixing, suction and solid-liquid separation, solid salt washing and loading.
The structure types of the combined salt mining machine are various. According to the different gauge distances, there are two types: the standard rail type and the narrow rail type. According to the power source, there are two types of internal combustion engine type and electric type. The latter, according to the power supply mode, Divided into two types: internal power supply and external power supply; according to whether the washing operation is completed, it is divided into two types: a washing device and a washing device. The former, the washing device can be set on the salt mining machine, or On the special trolley connected to the salt picking machine; according to whether it has the salt cover peeling function, the stripping salt cap device and the stripping salt cap device are not included.
Domestic QY-100 orbital combined salt mining machine, organic diesel generator set power supply and external power supply. The internal power supply type has the disadvantage of high noise. Therefore, under the condition of the transmission line, the external power supply type is selected as much as possible, and the external cable power supply is connected through the on-board cable reel device. Figure 1 shows the structure of the QY-100-4 external power supply salt picker. Salt minerals are polluted by wind sand and generally contain mud sand. In order to ensure the quality of the mined minerals, a salt picker with a washing device is selected as much as possible.
Figure 1 QY-100-4 joint salt mining machine
A-side view; b-back view; c-section view
1-cable reel device; 2, 7-left and right pulley device; 3-operating room; 4-main frame;
5-cut salt transmission device; 6-pipe system; 8-bucket hoist; 9-curved screen; 10-walking mechanism;
11-centralized lubrication device; 12-peeling salt cover device; 13-salt slurry pump; 14-electrical equipment; 15-lift
   Second, the joint mining machine mining process
The mining process is shown in Figure 2, including paving, moving rails, stripping salt cover, salt layer mining, ore shipping and other processes.
Figure 2 Mining process
(1) Paving and moving orbit
Mining area before production unit or extractive salt, the first track laying along their edges, salts for mining machines and rail transport vehicle. If the transportation vehicle that cooperates with the salt mining machine is a car, only one line is laid; if it is a railway vehicle, it is necessary to supplement two or more lines, one for the salt mining machine line, and the other for the vehicle loading and transportation line.
Every time the stripping machine picks up a strip (or trench), the working line should be translated accordingly. The distance traveled each time varies depending on the mining method. In the case of strip mining, the displacement is equal to the diameter of the salt cutter (about 1 m); when the trench is used, the displacement is equal to 1.1 to 1.2 m. The orbiting is carried out by the rail or the tractor as a whole, supplemented by manual straightening. The tracker should always check the nails, the connection of the fishplate and the gauge distance to ensure the safe operation of the salt mining machine. Shifting is started when the salt mining machine runs to the middle of the line, while moving and mining.
(2) Stripping salt cover
There are two methods for peeling off the salt cover: one is the bulldozer piled up, the front end loader is loaded and transported outside; the other is directly stripped by the stripping salt cover device (Fig. 3) of the salt picker. The salt cover stripping device is essentially a bucket-type excavator; eight buckets excavate the salt cover at 10 revolutions per minute, pour into the receiving port, and lift it out and transport it through the belt conveyor. When the work stops, start the hoist 1 and lift the bucket wheel off the ground.
Figure 3 peeling salt cover device
1-lifting machine; 2-bucket wheel; 3-shell; 4-inner casing; 5-bearing plate; 6-ring ring; 7-nylon slider;
8-speed reducer; 9-cantilever beam; 10-bearing; 11-bracket; 12-belt conveyor; 13-rod
(3) Mining salt layers
The process of mining the salt layer in the track by the salt mining machine includes: 1. cutting the salted salt layer by cutting the salter, and mixing the solid salt with the brine to form a slurry; 2. the salt slurry pump sucks the slurry through the salt absorption pipe; The cyclone and the curved screen are subjected to solid-liquid separation; 4. The solid salt is lifted, washed and loaded.
The salt cutting transmission is the main working mechanism of the salt mining machine (Fig. 4). There are several length specifications for the salt cutting rod. According to the thickness of the ore layer, the salt cutting rod of the corresponding length is selected. The thickness of one stroke of the salt mining machine is equal to the length of the salt cutter, generally 0.8 to 1 m. It takes a few trips to take a strip of the full thickness of the strip.
Figure 4 cutting salt transmission
1-cycloidal pinwheel reducer; 2-cut salt bar; 3-claw; 4-bearer;
5-ball joint; 6-semi-circular file; 7-cut salter (reaping knife)
The salt cutter cuts the salt layer in two ways: strip and groove (Fig. 5). The former, without spacing pillars, is continuously propelled in strips; the latter, leaving 0.1 to 0.15 m wide pillars between the trenches. The advantage of trench mining is that the loose solids are not thrown by the rotating salt cutter to the side of the goaf, which improves the salt absorption efficiency. Although the retained column makes 10% to 15% of the solid salt temporarily unavailable, the brine has the recrystallization ability, and after a few years, it crystallizes to form a new salt layer for secondary mining.
Figure 5 mining salt layer
A-groove type; b-strip type
   Third, the production capacity of salt mining machine
The technical production capacity of the salt mining machine is related to the parameters of the salt cutting transmission device, the working state of the salt pump, the mining width, the single stroke thickness, and the working speed. It is calculated by formula (1) or (2):
Q t =bδν m γ s k t (1)
or
Qt=3.6bδsnγ s k t (2)
In the formula:
Q t - salt mining machine technical production capacity, t / h;
B- mining belt width, m;
Δ-single stroke thickness, m;
ν m - working speed, m/h;
S-cut salter rotates a circle of feed, mm;
N-cut salter speed, s -1 ;
γ s - ore capacity, t/m 3 ;
k t - Consider the loss factor for cutting, skimming, dewatering, rinsing, etc.
The actual production capacity Q p of the salt mining machine is:
Q p =Q t K p (3)
In the formula:
K p - time utilization factor, K p = 0.85 ~ 0.95;
Q p - actual production capacity of the salt mining machine, t / h.
To improve the production capacity of the salt mining machine, we should focus on two aspects: one is the correct operation and reasonable working state of the salt cutting machine and the salt slurry pump; the other is to carry out reasonable work organization, strengthen equipment maintenance and improve the time utilization coefficient.
The parameters of the salt cutter and the salt slurry pump and the working state directly affect the production capacity of the salt mining machine. The rotation speed of the salt cutting device is too small, the feed amount s is increased, and the blockage of the salt is cut, which affects the suction amount of the salt slurry pump; if the rotation speed is too large, the salt particles under the knife will be thrown to the extracted area, especially the reverse Even more when cutting. Therefore, the design of the salt mill working speed, the salt mill speed, the number of blades and the number of teeth should be correctly selected to make the salt particles cut evenly and create conditions for the normal suction of the salt pump.
In order to correctly select the structural parameters and working state of the salt cutter, the concept of the feed rate coefficient K s is proposed: it is the ratio of the circumferential speed ν r of the salt cutter to the working speed ν m of the salt picker. Πr available by cutting diameter D r characterization salts, ν m s can be used to characterize the amount of feed, so
K s =1000Ï€D r /s (4)
It can be seen that K s is essentially the amount of feed per revolution of the salt cutter. K s varies from 52 to 105.
   Fourth, the scope of application
The biggest advantage of the orbital joint mining machine is that the degree of mechanization is high and the working conditions of the workers are good. At the same time, the salt washing process uses brine as the medium to wash the salt, and the quality is improved.
The track is laid on the surface of the salt mine layer, requiring a flat surface and corresponding load carrying capacity. The brine level is preferably the same as the surface of the salt mine layer; the water level is higher than the level, which makes it difficult to lay and move the track, and even causes the track to float; the cable is soaked in the brine, which is neither safe nor easy to accelerate aging. The water level is too low below the level. The first time the brine is insufficient, the salt pump can't work normally.
The slurry pump is located in the control room and is limited by the suction height. Only salt mine layers larger than 1 m and less than 6-8 m can be mined.