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Mining technology level of underground rock gold mines vary widely, there is a high degree of mechanization of the mines (hydraulic jumbo drilling, scrapers ore and auxiliary mechanization), but there were also mining machinery and equipment (air-leg rock drill Rock drilling, electricity consumption, mining, motor vehicle transportation), as well as mines with poor mechanical equipment (air-legged rock drilling, manual movement of ore).
The mining method has been developed and improved over the past 40 years since the founding of New China, and the types are relatively complete, and many combined schemes have emerged (see Table 1).
Table 1 Proportion of mining methods in Yanjin underground mine
Classification
Mining method
Use ratio/%
Empty field method
Comprehensive mining law
Mining and mining comprehensive mining method
Mining and mining law
Subsection mining method
Stage mining method
11.9
11.4
33.0
3.4
9.1
Subtotal
68.8
Filling method
Upward layered cement filling method
Down filling method
Wall filling method
15.8
1.5
6.4
Subtotal
23.7
other
Other mining methods
7.5
Note: According to the statistics of the mining volume of Yanjin underground mines in 17 areas in 1987.
In the 1950s, the Yanjin underground mine was small in scale and backward in process technology. Many mines operated by hand. The mining method used was mainly the method of retention and retention. The retention method accounted for about 80% of all mining methods. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, The expansion, reconstruction, merger, and technological development of small mines have been correspondingly developed, and the technical economy has also been greatly improved. The wall-filling method, the comprehensive mining method and the dry filling method have begun to be tested and applied in rock gold mines; from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, The production development was slow and the technological progress was not great. After the mid-1970s, the gold mines were concentrated and transformed, and a number of key mines were built. The scale of gold production expanded rapidly, and the new scheme of mining methods was successfully tested. Mining technology has risen to a new level.
The scientific and technological progress of the Yanjin underground mine in the past 20 years has highlighted the following aspects:
1. The mining method suitable for various mining technical conditions has been successfully tested and promoted in production. The method of retaining ore has been perfected according to local conditions; the comprehensive method of retaining minerals developed by the combination of the method of retaining ore and the comprehensive method; the mining method test of the large-pore deep hole mining stage has been successful; the proportion of the use of the filling mining method is on the rise. It has become the main mining method for the instability of mining rock, and the application of mechanized wall-filling method and dry filling method has been promoted. For the thick and thick gold deposits with low grade, the stage caving method has been tested and applied. For gold mines, Technically, it is a breakthrough.
Second, the level of mining equipment has generally improved, achieving rock drilling, transport mechanization and filling pipelines. Small mines generally use rock drills for rock drilling and electric picking. Some mines use hydraulic drilling rigs, electric scrapers, anchor trolleys and charging vehicles.
Third, new process technologies and new materials are widely used in gold mines. For example, the quality of the filling surface of thin and extremely thin veins is continuously improved; metal chutes and metal walkways erected in the filling; artificial pillars; smooth blasting and controlled blasting; anchor and anchor roofing technology , as well as new filling processes and new filling materials.
Fourth, the results of rock mechanics research in some mines to guide mine production and ground pressure management.
5. Many research results such as mine system engineering, mining technology economic analysis, mineral economics, etc. are used in the rock gold underground mines such as Zhaoyuan, Jiaojia, Xincheng and Jinchangyu to guide the optimization of mining methods and auxiliary design, and to prepare mining plans and calculations. Reserves, drawing geological maps, comprehensively evaluating the economic benefits of enterprises, and determining the best operating parameters of mines.