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According to the situation of drill bit cutting, the earth drill can be divided into three types: cutting drill, open n drill and non-open drill. Cutting a drill refers to a cut in the drill bit (edge ​​and drill pipe), which facilitates the removal of the soil column inside the drill barrel, but is not conducive to the retention of the soil column in the drill body during the drilling process. It is difficult to obtain the original soil column. Open n drill means that the drill consists of two semi-circular cylinders that can be opened and closed. When it is opened, the soil column can be easily removed. When drilling, the movable half can be fixed. The sampling can be done without destroying the soil column structure inside the drill cylinder. The disadvantage is that the structure is relatively complicated and the processing and sampling operations are relatively complicated. Non-open I: J drill refers to one edge of the drill bit, non-open, cut mouth. The soil column is independent, but if there is no other supporting structure or technology, it is not conducive to the removal of the soil column and it is difficult to apply.
The foreign research on earth-drilling was prevalent in the O/60s. The main focus was on non-disturbed undisturbed earth-boring drills, mechanical power drills, and special earth drills. The operation is mainly based on the spiral type and gravity hammer type. If the king wants to take ten drills in these two ways, it can reduce or overcome the resistance of the soil. Gravity hammered earth-boring drills are more effective in overcoming soil resistance and have become the operating mode used by most manual drills. The special nature of the non-compact matter in the soil limits the development of spiral manual drilling, and the substrate thread guide can solve this contradiction, making the manual operation of the screw feasible, as soon as the root system of the woody plant can be effectively cut, and the forest soil is undisturbed. Sampling becomes possible. The mechanical drill is mainly spiral.
The research of domestic soil drilling was mainly in the 50s, and there were few research reports. After that, the study in this field was almost blank, and the research and application still remained at this level. The reason is mainly to overcome the impotence of the dry-body resistance problem. With the passage of time, people lose courage and confidence in their research and application, and from this, half of the research in this field is almost a restricted area. The newly developed direct-pressure manual undisturbed soil earth-boring drill broke the depressive situation that lasted for more than 30 years, and brought vitality to the long-standing lonely earth-boring drilling research and application field.
Soil drilling is widely used in soil, geology, water conservancy and other fields and is an important tool for collecting samples. Earth drilling can be divided into manual drilling and mechanical (power) drilling according to the source of operating force. The earth drill can be divided into direct-pressure type, spiral type and gravity hammer type according to operation mode. The direct-pressure method is a direct-pressure type earth-drilling drill; the direct-pressure and horizontal-direction rotation is a spiral type earth-drilling drill; and the gravity-hammer type earth-drilling drill is a self-gravity impact or an external force hammering. The direct pressure operation is smooth and simple, but this operation mode does not contribute to overcoming the resistance of the soil. The spiral type and gravity hammer type reduce or overcome the resistance of the soil by means of slope and gravity impact, respectively.