Last year, China produced a total of 23.722 million vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 7.3%, and sales of 23,319,900 vehicles, an increase of 6.9% year-on-year, and production and sales remained the world's number one. By the end of 2014, the number of motor vehicles in the country had reached 264 million, including 154 million vehicles. Auto Generator Timing Belt,Generator Timing Belts,Rubber Generator Drive Belt,Rubber Automotive Generator Drive Belt Zhoushan Aosheng Auto Transmission Belt Manufacturing Co., Ltd. , https://www.aoshengbelt.com
China's automobile industry is very prosperous, and many social problems have arisen behind the prosperity. Congestion in the north is not news, and congestion has spread to some third- and fourth-tier cities (participation, pictures, inquiry). In addition, some county-level cities have begun to be congested.
After the increase in car ownership, the problem of smog caused by motor vehicle exhaust has followed. According to the latest data released by the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, the number of lung cancer cases in Beijing has increased by more than 50% compared with 10 years ago. Lung cancer has become the largest cancer in Beijing, with the highest incidence and mortality.
After the increase in car ownership, traffic safety issues have become more prominent. Since the end of the 1980s, the number of deaths in traffic accidents in China exceeded 50,000 for the first time. China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) has an annual traffic accident of 500,000, and the number of deaths due to traffic accidents has exceeded 100,000. Ranked first in the world. According to statistics, the number of deaths per 10,000 cars in China is 4 to 10 times that of developed countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan.
After the increase in car ownership, China’s energy security is increasingly embarrassing. In 2013, China's oil consumption reached 500 million tons, and oil dependence on foreign countries reached 58.4%, close to the international warning line. In the event of an emergency, energy can bind our hands and feet.
These problems are already in front of everyone. They are no longer industrial issues, but social issues. However, China's autos are still using industrial management methods, and the problems have not been completely solved, and even more and more serious.
At present, there are four competent departments in the automotive industry, namely the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance. There are 10 relevant administrative departments, such as the Certification and Accreditation Administration, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision.
The NDRC mainly manages the approval and filing of investment projects; the standard management involves the AQSIQ, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, etc.; the departments involved in access and production management are more involved, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible for the management of the industry and implements the “vehicle production enterprises and productsâ€. The "Announcement" permits the AQSIQ to carry out compulsory certification (CCC certification), the Ministry of Environmental Protection has mastered environmental protection type approval, and the Ministry of Communications operates vehicle fuel consumption management.
Which department has a good reason for the management of the car, but such multi-head management exposes three problems. First, the government departments have overlapping functions, repeated management, and multiple government issues, especially vehicle access. In the management process, the problem is very prominent; the second is that the post-event supervision problem is prominent; the third is that the awareness of the rule of law needs to be strengthened, the role of the competition mechanism is not enough, and the administrative means are prevalent.
Some people say that many laws in China have made clear regulations on automobile consumption and safety, and have implemented legalized management. This is debatable.
Road traffic is a three-dimensional system consisting of three elements: people involved in transportation (traffic participants), vehicles (vehicles) and roads (traffic environment). From the perspective of systematic management of people, vehicles and roads, China The "Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Highway Road Law of the People's Republic of China" were respectively formulated to realize the legal management of traffic participants and roads. The Trinity lacks the legal management of vehicles, which makes the Trinity a flaw.
The automobile industry chain is very long, and many management contents are scattered in the Laws of the People's Republic of China on Energy Conservation, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution, and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Product Quality. However, these laws are not formulated for motor vehicles, and some regulations are more general and one-sided. Therefore, there is a lack of law in the life cycle management of motor vehicles, and multiple management links face problems such as unclear legal provisions, insufficient legal basis, or no legal basis.
The problem of automobiles is no longer an industrial problem. It has risen to the social level. It should be managed by management rather than industrial management. In this respect, the experiences of Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea are worth learning and learning. They have long implemented legalized management, and the problem of solving automobile problems has been relatively better. In particular, Japan and South Korea have adopted industrial management methods in the early days of automobile development. After the initial results, they also turned to legal management.
Germany is the first country in the world to implement legal management of automobiles. The Road Traffic Law was implemented in 1909; the safety and environmental protection requirements for vehicles were first proposed in 1910; the National Road Traffic Permit Regulations were implemented in 1937, including vehicle certification procedures, technical standards for vehicle and component type certification, and vehicles. Safety requirements for engineering and vehicle operations, etc. Later, according to EU directives, several laws including the Waste Vehicle Recycling Law were introduced. Since 1993, the requirements of the German National Road Traffic Permit Regulations on vehicle certification have been replaced by the European Whole Model Approval System (EWVTA).
The US federal government authorizes the US Department of Transportation (DOT) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to manage vehicle safety, environmental protection, and energy conservation issues in accordance with relevant laws passed by Congress. The functions of these two departments do not intersect. The European Union has established a European Whole Vehicle Type Approval System (EWVTA) that is unified and recognized by many non-EU countries. The system selectively utilizes the most advanced technical requirements of the two regulatory systems of the European Union and the United Nations ECE.
After the Second World War, Japan supported the rapid development and growth of many industries including automobiles with industrial policies. In the 1990s, the role of industrial policies gradually declined. Japan enacted the Law on Road Transportation Vehicles, and the perfect legal system for the Japanese automobile industry. Long-term, healthy development provides a strong guarantee.
The structure of Korean laws and regulations is similar to that of Japan. It consists of laws, decrees, ministerial orders, notices, etc. The Korean Motor Vehicle Management Law is the core basis for vehicle management, involving vehicle registration, safety standards and certification, maintenance and repair, inspection, Second-hand vehicles, scrap recycling, etc., and in accordance with the Law, the Motor Vehicle Management Law Implementation Order, Motor Vehicle Registration Act, Motor Vehicle Management Law Implementation Regulations, Vehicle Registration Management Measures, Safety Standards (KMVSS) The specific implementation documents such as the “Measures for the Implementation of Vehicle Overhaul†and the “Regulations on Vehicle Management Exceptionsâ€.
The legalization management of these countries has several things in common. One is the intensification of government management, the division of responsibilities of various departments is clear and the coordination is coordinated; the second is to pay more attention to the management of the matter and the management of the post, while paying attention to the management of the project. Transparent, severe punishment measures; Third, all countries have only one set of certification system, one department is responsible, and specific implementation has very clear regulations.
China's auto industry to implement legal system management, we must solve three problems, what? Who will manage it? How to manage? Turn the automobile industry management from an industrial level to a social level.
It is necessary to develop a high-level Road Vehicle Law. The government functional departments manage the design, manufacture, certification, registration, inspection, defect management, maintenance, modification, and scrap recycling of motor vehicles according to the law, and minimize the traffic safety, environmental pollution and energy brought by the popularization of vehicles. Negative effects such as consumption.
Strengthen the “three-sex†management of safety, environmental protection and energy-saving of vehicle products throughout their life cycle, and fully consider the relevance and continuity of all aspects of vehicle product life cycle, and improve the systemic and coordination of vehicle management. Through the formulation of laws, the content and boundaries of government management and the division of responsibilities of various departments are clarified, and the supervision of matters in and after the event is strengthened, and corporate responsibility is implemented.
The problem of China's automobile is no longer an industrial problem, it has risen to the social level, and it is time to adopt the system of management.